Page 81 - 精细化工2019年第9期
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第 36 卷第 9 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.36, No.9
             201 9 年 9 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Sept.    2019


              功能材料
                          +
                     Na 阻燃改性亚麻纤维及其对纤维性能的影响


                                                                                       *
                                 姜大伟,徐庆玲,任彪彪,王垣衡,孙才英
                       (黑龙江省高校阻燃新材料重点实验室  东北林业大学  化学系,黑龙江  哈尔滨    150040)


                 摘要:首先用马来酸酐(MA)对亚麻纤维(FF)进行化学接枝,得到 MA-FF,然后用 Na 2 CO 3 溶液处理 MA-FF,
                       +
                 得到 Na 阻燃改性的 FF,用 Na 2 CO 3 -MA-FF 表示。FTIR 中羰基峰的出现证明了 MA 接枝到 FF 上;用酸碱滴定
                                                                                  +
                 法测定了 MA 在 FF 上的接枝率(Gd);用极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧评价了 Na 对 FF 的阻燃效果,用 XRD
                 分析了 FF 结晶度的变化。结果表明:105  ℃下,m(MA)∶m(FF)=48∶60 的原料在 DMF 溶液中反应 2.4 h,MA
                                                                      +
                 在 FF 上的接枝率达到 71%~75%;Na 2 CO 3 -MA-FF 的阻燃性随着 Na 含量增加而提高,20 g/L Na 2 CO 3 溶液处理
                 的 MA-FF(记为 20-Na 2 CO 3 -MA-FF)的 LOI 值由 20%提高到 28.9%,续燃时间由 43 s 降低到 0 s,损毁长度由
                 30 cm 降低到 8.3 cm;MA 接枝后,FF 结晶度由 66.7%提高到 75.0%,20-Na 2 CO 3 -MA-FF 结晶度稍降到 71.8%,
                 但是 XRD 中 2角没有变化,均为 14.8、16.7和 22.8。
                                                       +
                 关键词:亚麻纤维;接枝;阻燃;马来酸酐;Na ;功能材料
                 中图分类号:TQ316.65      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 09-1809-07


                    +
                 Na  Flame Retardant Modified Flax Fiber and Effect on Fiber Properties

                                                                                                 *
                        JIANG Da-wei, XU Qing-ling, REN Biao-biao, WANG Yuan-heng, SUN Cai-ying
                 (Heilongjiang  Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, Department of
                 Chemistry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China)


                 Abstract: Flax fiber (FF) was grafted chemically with maleic anhydride (MA) to give MA-FF, and then
                                                                                                       +
                 treated  with  sodium  carbonate  solution  to  produce  the  flame  retardant  modified  FF  with  Na
                 (Na 2CO 3-MA-FF). The grafting degree (Gd) of MA on FF was determined by acid-base titration. The flame
                                   +
                 retardant effect of Na  on FF was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test. The
                 FF crystallinity was analyzed by XRD. The results showed that when MA and FF with a mass ratio of 48∶
                 60 reacted for 2.4 h in DMF at 105  ℃, the Gd of MA-FF reached ranging from 71% to 75%. The flame
                                                                      +
                 retardancy of Na 2CO 3-MA-FF increased with the increase of Na  content. The LOI value, afterflame time
                 and damaged length of 20-Na 2CO 3-MA-FF (MA-FF was treated with 20 g/L Na 2CO 3 aqueous) were 28.9%,
                 0 s, and 8.3 cm, higher than the corresponding values of MA-FF (20%, 43 s and 30 cm). After MA grafting,
                 the FF crystallinity increased from 66.7% to 75.0%, while that of 20-Na 2CO 3-MA-FF was slightly reduced
                 to 71.8%. However, the 2θ angles had no change, were all still 14.8°, 16.7° and 22.8°.
                                                                                 +
                 Key words: flax fiber grafting; grafting; flame retardant; maleic anhydride; Na ; functional materials

                 亚麻纤维(FF)是人类使用最早的天然纤维之一。                       泛应用在汽车、家具、家纺等领域。但是,作为纤
                             [1]
                                                  [2]
            亚麻织物挺阔爽滑 ,适宜制作高级服装 。而且                             维素为主要成分的天然纤维,FF 具有易燃性,所以
            FF 韧性大、强度高、结晶度高、取向度高、具有抑                           在使用过程中,经常需要进行阻燃处理,FF 增强的
                                                   [4]
                [3]
            菌性 ,经常作为增强纤维用于复合材料中 ,被广                            复合材料也不例外。阻燃方法以添加型居多。

                 收稿日期:2019-01-13;  定用日期:2019-04-04; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190043
                 基金项目:中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2016M601402);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572018BC27);黑龙江省
                 青年科学基金项目(QC2017038);黑龙江省博士后特别资助项目(博士后青年英才计划)(LBH-TZ13);黑龙江省政府博士后资助项
                 目(LBH-Z16004)
                 作者简介:姜大伟(1982—),男,博士,讲师,E-mail:sharkwei12345@163.com。联系人:孙才英(1964—),女,教授,E-mail:
                 sundeyee@126.com。
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