Page 161 - 《精细化工》2020年第1期
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第 37 卷第 1 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.37, No.1
             202 0 年 1 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Jan.    2020


              水处理技术与环境保护
                          氧化镁基稀土复合脱氟剂的制备与成型



                                                          *
                                                                                  *
                                       李欣阳,朱家昕 ,孙婷婷,王海增
                                      (中国海洋大学  化学化工学院,山东  青岛    266100)


                 摘要:以 Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O 和 La(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O 为原材料,采用共沉淀法制备了含有少量稀土金属镧的氧化镁基
                 稀土复合脱氟剂。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为粘合剂,利用挤出成型法制备出直径 0.5 cm 左
                 右的颗粒状复合脱氟剂。利用 XRD、SEM 和 FTIR 对制备的复合氧化物脱氟剂进行了表征分析,评价了粉末状
                 及颗粒状复合脱氟剂对水中氟离子的脱除性能。结果表明:粉末复合脱氟剂对水溶液中氟离子的最大平衡吸附
                 量为 142.85 mg/g,pH=4~10 时吸附效率最高,200 min 内达到吸附平衡,而颗粒脱氟剂的最高脱氟量可达 25 mg/g
                 以上,25  ℃下,复合脱氟剂对氟离子的吸附符合 Langmuir 等温吸附模型和伪二级动力学模型。
                 关键词:氧化镁基镧复合物;脱氟剂;聚乙烯醇;聚偏氟乙烯;水处理技术
                 中图分类号:TQ424      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 01-0147-09


                                Preparation and molding of rare earth magnesia

                                           composite fluorine adsorbent

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                                                                                    *
                                    Li Xinyang, Zhu Jiaxin , Sun Tingting, Wang Haizeng
                  (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China)

                 Abstract: A magnesia based lanthanum composite fluorine adsorbent was synthesized by co-precipitation
                 method using magnesium nitrate and lanthanum nitrate as main materials. The composite powder was further
                 molded into grains with a diameter of around 0.5 cm using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylidene
                 fluoride (PVDF) as adhesives by extrusion molding. XRD, SEM and FTIR were used to characterize and
                 analyze the prepared composite adsorbents. The effect of the powdered and granular composite adsorbents
                 on the removal of fluorine ions in aqueous solution was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum
                 adsorption of powdered composite adsorbent for fluorine ions reached 142.85 mg/g. The highest fluorine
                 adsorption was found in the pH range of 4 to 10, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached within
                 200 min.The maximum adsorption of granular composite adsorbent for fluorine ions was over 25 mg/g. At
                 25  ℃, the adsorption of the magnesia/lanthanum composite adsorbent for fluorine ions was fitted well to
                 the  Langmuir  isothermal  adsorption  model  and  the  adsorption  kinetics  could  be  well  described  by  the
                 pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
                 Key words: magnesia/lanthanum composite; fluoride adsorbent; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinylidene fluoride;
                 water treatment technology



                 氟是自然界中的一种常见元素,也是人体必需                          渐产生斑点并变脆;当饮用水中氟含量超过 4  mg/L
                                                                                 [4]
            的微量元素之一。健康成年人体内的含氟量约为                              时,人会出现氟中毒 。世界卫生组织规定,饮用水
                                                                                          [5]
            2~3 g [1-2] 。微量的氟对龋齿预防有帮助,水中的氟含                    中氟化物的含量应低于 1.5 mg/L ,中国生活饮用水标
                                                                                                          [6]
            量小于 0.5 mg/L 时儿童龋齿的病发率会达到                          准规定,饮用水中的氟离子含量不能超过 1.0 mg/L 。
                     [3]
            70%~90% 。但是,过量的氟化合物会对人体产生伤                         中国是深受地方性氟中毒影响的国家之一,控制饮用
            害。饮用水中含氟量超过 1 mg/L 时,人的牙齿会逐                        水中的氟含量是防治氟中毒的最佳手段                 [7-8] 。

                 收稿日期:2019-05-30;  定用日期:2019-06-21; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190487
                 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201964021)
                 作者简介:李欣阳(2000—),女,本科生。联系人:朱家昕(1993—),女,博士生,E-mail:jancyzhu@outlook.com。王海增(1965—),
                 男,教授,E-mail:haizwang@ouc.edu.cn。
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