Page 47 - 《精细化工》2020年第11期
P. 47
第 37 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.11
2020 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2020
综论
蔗糖酯表面活性剂化学合成工艺研究进展
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张 雄 ,贾康乐 ,文 武 ,龙金星 ,麦裕良
(1. 广东省石油与精细化工研究院,广东 广州 510665;2. 华南理工大学 化学与化工学院,广东 广州
510640)
摘要:蔗糖酯表面活性剂作为一种深受关注的生物基表面活性剂,已被广泛应用于食品、医药和化妆品等领域。
当前,蔗糖酯的合成主要采用酯交换法,蔗糖与甲酯之间的相容性差导致蔗糖酯的制备过程中存在蔗糖焦化结
块问题及甲酯水解、皂化等副反应,最终严重影响反应速率和产品性能。基于此,介绍了蔗糖酯的化学合成,
主要包括溶剂法、微乳化法和无溶剂法。对用于蔗糖酯合成的相转移催化剂、固体碱催化剂、离子液体等新型
催化剂及物理界面强化技术进行了综述。最后,对蔗糖酯合成方法存在的问题进行了总结并对其开发前景进行
了展望。
关键词:蔗糖酯;生物基表面活性剂;酯交换;催化剂;过程强化
中图分类号:TQ423 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 11-2193-07
Research progress of chemical synthesis technology
of sucrose esters surfactants
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ZHANG Xiong , JIA Kangle , WEN Wu , LONG Jinxing , MAI Yuliang
(1. Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou 510665, Guangdong,
China; 2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640,
Guangdong, China)
Abstract: Sucrose ester surfanctants, as a kind of bio-based surfactants, have been widely used in the fields
of food, medicine and cosmetics. Currently, the synthesis of sucrose esters is mainly conducted by
transesterification. However, the poor compatibility between sucrose and methyl ester leads to many side
reactions, such as sucrose coking and agglomeration, methyl ester hydrolysis and saponification, which
seriously affect the reaction rate and product performance. The synthesis methods of sucrose esters such as
solvent method, microemulsion method and solvent-free method are introduced. The catalysts such as phase
transfer catalysts, solid base catalysts, ionic liquids as well as physical enhancement technology of interface
reaction are reviewed. Finally, the problems existing in the synthesis of sucrose ester are summarized and
the prospect of its synthesis development is prospected.
Key words: sucrose esters; bio-based surfactants; transesterification; catalysts; process intensification
随着化石资源的日益消耗,以及表面活性剂的 具有增溶、乳化、润湿、发泡、分散、降低表面张
应用领域扩展和消耗量增长,亟需开发适应新时代 力等石油基表面活性剂所共有的特性。此外,相比
能源和环保要求的生物基表面活性剂,以替代或部 于石油基表面活性剂,生物基表面活性剂具备起始
分替代石油基表面活性剂 [1-3] 。生物基表面活性剂主 原料充足且环境危害低、可生物降解等优势。因此,
要包括糖酯、多糖酯、脂肽和中性类脂衍生物等, 生物基表面活性剂的大规模应用必将成为工业表面
收稿日期:2020-05-13; 定用日期:2020-06-22; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200379
基金项目:广州市科技计划项目(201804020004,201804010164,201804010337);国家自然科学基金(21802025);院属骨干科研机
构创新能力建设专项(2018GDASC-0116);广东省重点实验室建设情况考评(2017B030314137);省属科研机构改革创新领域
(2017A070701018)
作者简介:张 雄(1991—),男,硕士,E-mail:xongzang@163.com。