Page 95 - 《精细化工》2020年第12期
P. 95
第 37 卷第 12 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.12
2020 年 12 月 FINE CHEMICALS Dec. 2020
综论
苯选择加氢制环己烯在钌基催化体系中的技术进展
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席 楠,程春晖,李红伟,董 鹏,郭 鹏,季 东
(兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730050)
摘要:苯选择加氢是获取高产量环己烯的最佳途径,但该反应极易导致苯的过度加氢生成副产物环己烷,使得
环己烯的选择性普遍不高。钌(Ru)是苯选择加氢的高效催化活性中心,Ru 活性位的活泼程度及其在载体上的
分散性与稳定性很大程度决定了环己烯的选择性和收率。同时,在反应过程中各种添加剂,如酸、碱、盐体系
所带来的环境污染和强腐蚀性问题严重地限制了 Ru 基催化剂在工业上的大规模应用。因此,研究 Ru 基催化剂
上选择加氢活性中心形成机制与制备参数之间的关系,以及在不损失反应性能的前提下寻找更简单、更绿色的
催化体系代替传统工艺颇为关键。该文介绍了苯选择加氢合成环己烯的发展历程、反应工艺技术、Ru 基催化剂
的反应体系组成以及反应机理。最后,指出苯选择加氢制备环己烯研究重点。
关键词:苯;环己烯;选择加氢;Ru 基催化剂;苯周转频率
中图分类号:TQ241.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 12-2457-10
Technical progress of selective hydrogenation of benzene to
cyclohexene in ruthenium-based catalytic system
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XI Nan, CHENG Chunhui, LI Hongwei, DONG Peng, GUO Peng, JI Dong
(College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China)
Abstract: Selective hydrogenation of benzene is the best way to obtain high yield cyclohexene, but it can
easily lead to excessive hydrogenation of benzene to generate by-product cyclohexane, making
cyclohexene's selectivity generally low. Ruthenium (Ru) is a highly efficient catalytic active center for the
selective hydrogenation of benzene. The activity degree of Ru active site and its dispersion and stability on
the carrier determine the selectivity and yield of cyclohexene. At the same time, environmental pollution
and strong corrosion caused by various additives, acids, alkalis, and salt systems during the reaction
severely limit the large-scale industrial application of Ru-based catalysts. Therefore, it is crucial to study
the relationship between the mechanism of selective hydrogenation active centers and the preparation
parameters on Ru-based catalysts, and to find a simpler and greener catalytic system to replace the
traditional process without loss of reaction performance. The development history and reaction technology
of selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene and the reaction system composition and reaction
mechanism of Ru-based catalysts are introduced. Finally, the research emphasis on selective hydrogenation
of benzene to cyclohexene is pointed out.
Key words: benzene; cyclohexene; selective hydrogenation; Ru-based catalysts; benzene turnover frequency
环己烯是一种极为重要的有机合成中间体和精 泼得多,更易进行加氢反应。在苯选择性加氢制备
细化工产品,在制药工业中可用作制备己二酸、环 环己烯的反应中,Ru 是最经济且高效的主催化活性
己基甲酸、氧化环己烯等的原料;在石油工业中常 位,主产物环己烯可在无机酸类、酸性氧化物、杂
用作萃取剂、高辛烷值汽油的稳定剂等。其具有的 多酸类等酸性催化剂作用下进一步水化生成环己醇
非共轭 C==C 双键比芳香性的苯环 C==C 双键要活 (环己酮),从而进一步合成尼龙-6、尼龙-66 等精
收稿日期:2020-06-03; 定用日期:2020-07-22; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200474
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(21666019);甘肃省自然科学基金(18JR3RA143);甘肃省科技支撑项目(1604GKCD026)
作者简介:席 楠(1992—),男,硕士生,E-mail:303157255@qq.com。联系人:季 东(1977—),男,副教授,E-mail:3111862@qq.com。