Page 133 - 《精细化工》2020年第6期

第 37 卷第 6 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.6
202 0 年 6 月 FINE CHEMICALS June 2020

表面活性剂
磷酸酯型 extended 表面活性剂的合成和性能

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胡学一 ，方艮辉 ，方 云 ，方银军 ，葛 赞
（1. 江南大学 化学与材料工程学院，合成和生物胶体教育部重点实验室，江苏 无锡 214122；2. 赞宇
科技集团有限公司，浙江 杭州 310030）
摘要：十二醇经丙氧基化、磷酸酯化及中和反应合成了环氧丙烷（PO）平均加成数（p）为 3、6、9 的 extended
表面活性剂单十二烷基聚氧丙烯醚磷酸酯钠（C 12 P p P）。采用 FTIR、ESI-MS 表征了其结构。测试了其 Krafft 点
（T K ）、耐电解质性、表面张力、发泡力、乳化力、润湿力和去污力，并与单十二烷基磷酸酯钾（MAPK）对比。
结果表明，C 12 P p P 的发泡力、乳化力、润湿力和去污性能均优于 MAPK；其 T K < 0 ℃，具有优秀的低温水溶性，
克服了 MAPK 的钠盐形式不能低温水溶的缺点。同时，合成的 C 12 P p P 的钙离子抗性高于 MAPK 5~8 倍，其耐
电解质性明显改善。另外，其对蛋白和皮脂的去污力与 MAPK 大致相同，推测与 MAPK 具有相近的低刺激性，
可以替代 MAPK 用于个人清洁和护理用品中。
关键词：extended 表面活性剂；磷酸酯；低温水溶性；耐电解质性；低刺激性
中图分类号：TQ423 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 06-1199-06

Synthesis and properties of phosphate extended surfactants

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HU Xueyi , FANG Genhui , FANG Yun , FANG Yinjun , GE Zan
（1.Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material
Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; 2. Zanyu Technology Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou
310030, Zhejiang, China）
Abstract: A series of extended surfactants (e-surfactants), sodium monododecyl polyoxypropylene
phosphates (C 12P pP) with propylene oxide (PO) average addition number (p) (p=3, 6, 9) were synthesized
from dodecyl alcohol by propoxylation and phosphorylation followed by neutralization. These e-surfactants
were characterized by FTIR and ESI-MS. The properties of C 12P pP, such as Krafft point (T K),
electrolyte-tolerance, surface tension, foamability, emulsifying power, wetting power and detergency were
tested and compared with those of monododecyl phosphate potassium salt (MAPK). The results showed
that these e-surfactants exhibited better foamability, emulsifying power, wetting power and detergency than
those of MAPK. Due to their T K < 0 ℃, the C 12P pP surfactants demonstrated excellent low-temperature
water solubility, which overcomes the shortcomings of sodium counterpart of MAPK insoluble at low
temperature. At the same time, the C 12P pP surfactants showed better calcium-tolerance, which was 5~8
times greater than that of MAPK. The C 12P pP surfactants almost had the same detergency for protein and
sebum soiled swatches as MAPK. Therefore, the synthesized C 12P pP surfactants have the similar low
irritation to MAPK and are able to replace MAPK in personal care and toiletries products.
Key words: extended surfactant; phosphate; low-temperature water solubility; electrolyte-tolerance; low
irritation

单十二烷基磷酸酯钾盐（MAPK）是一种绿色 净力、低脱脂力和低刺激性，广泛应用于个人清洁
温和型表面活性剂，具有丰富的泡沫性、良好的洗 护理用品和化妆品中 [1-3] 。但其耐硬水性能很差，而

收稿日期：2019-12-22; 定用日期：2020-02-24; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20191188
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFB0308904）
作者简介：胡学一（1978—），男，博士，E-mail：xueyihu@126.com。联系人：方 云（1957—），男，教授，博士生导师，E-mail：
yunfang@126.com。