Page 41 - 《精细化工》2021年第10期
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第 38 卷第 10 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.10
2021 年 10 月 FINE CHEMICALS Oct. 2021
综论
壳聚糖及其衍生物去除金属离子的研究进展
*
冯 颖,邵 娟,李齐雪,张建伟,董 鑫 ,张庆瑾
(沈阳化工大学 机械与动力工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110142)
摘要:壳聚糖具有来源广泛、无毒无害、功能基团丰富、化学活性强等特点,广泛应用于化工、环保、医药、
食品等领域。围绕壳聚糖分子链上活性基团对金属离子的吸附能力,综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在去除溶液中金
属离子方面的研究工作及进展。介绍了对壳聚糖单体进行官能团置换或重组的化学改性法和改变壳聚糖物理形
态的物理改性法,详细阐述了交联改性法、接枝改性法、磁化改性法、分子印迹法的基本原理、应用效果和优
缺点,并对壳聚糖微球、壳聚糖膜的制备方法和材料性能进行了归纳。结合壳聚糖及其衍生物在制备和应用过
程中存在的问题,提出了将化学改性和物理改性相结合制备新型印迹壳聚糖基聚合物,从而实现高效和选择性
去除金属离子的研究方向。
关键词:壳聚糖;改性;金属离子;螯合;吸附
中图分类号:TQ424.3;O636.1;O647.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 10-1971-10
Research progress on removal of metal ions by
chitosan and its derivatives
FENG Ying, SHAO Juan, LI Qixue, ZHANG Jianwei,
*
DONG Xin , ZHANG Qingjin
(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142,
Liaoning, China)
Abstract: Chitosan has been widely used in the fields such as agriculture, chemical industry, medicine, and
environmental protection due to its wide sources, natural non-toxic, rich functional groups and strong
chemical activity. The research work and progress of chitosan and its derivatives in the removal of metal
ions in solution are reviewed. The chemical modification methods of functional group replacement and
recombination of chitosan monomer, and the physical modification method of changing the physical
morphology of chitosan are introduced. The basic principles, application effects, advantages and
disadvantages of crosslinking modification method, grafting modification method, magnetization
modification method and molecular imprinting method are elaborated in detail. Moreover, the preparation
methods and material properties of chitosan microspheres and chitosan membranes are introduced. In view
of the problems in the preparation and application of chitosan and its derivatives, the research direction of
combining chemical modification with physical modification to prepare new imprinted chitosan-based
polymer is put forward, so as to achieve efficient and selective removal of metal ions.
Key words: chitosan; modification; metal ions; chelation; adsorption
壳聚糖是由甲壳素脱乙酰得到的一种天然高分 基和羟基等活性官能团,使其具有优异的金属离子
子材料,具有来源广、成本低、无毒无害、生物相 吸附性能,在贵金属的回收、工业废水处理等方面
[1]
容性良好等特性,由于其分子长链上含有丰富的氨 得到广泛应用 ,甲壳素脱乙酰化的反应路线如下
收稿日期:2021-03-23; 定用日期:2021-06-08; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210304
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(21406142);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2020-MS-230);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LJ2020036);
中央引导地方科技发展专项(2020JH6/10500051)
作者简介:冯 颖(1975—),女,教授,博士,E-mail:fengy75@163.com。联系人:董 鑫(1990—),女,讲师,E-mail:
dongxin1106@syuct.edu.cn。