Page 136 - 《精细化工》2021年第12期
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第 38 卷第 12 期                            精   细   化   工                                 Vol.38, No.12
             2021 年 12 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Dec.  2021


              表面活性剂
                              微乳液应用于金属表面油污的清洗



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                              刘士伟 ,顾学林 ,陈   爽 ,宁腾飞 ,刘会娥
                 〔1.  中国石油大学(华东)  化学工程学院,山东  青岛 266580;2.  胜利石油管理局有限公司供水分公司,
                 山东  东营 257097〕
                 摘要:以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂配制了微乳液,对金属表面油污清洗进行模拟实验,考察了
                 SDBS、Na 2 CO 3 、煤油、正丁醇用量对微乳液清洗率的影响,并从温度稳定区间范围、清洗率随温度及时间变
                 化对不同配方进行考察,最终筛选出一种处理金属表面油污的最佳微乳液配方:SDBS 含量为 8%(以去离子水
                 的质量计,下同)、Na 2 CO 3 含量为 1.4%、煤油含量为 12.8%、正丁醇含量为 6.4%。随后,考察了缓蚀剂的种类
                 及用量对碳钢、黄铜、铝 3 种金属的防护性能,最终选定以含量 0.06%硅酸钠作为微乳液缓蚀剂;对制得的清
                 洗剂进行了性能评价,其清洗率在 98%左右,在实验期内碳钢、黄铜、铝表面光洁,没有明显的质量变化和生
                 锈情况,表明该清洗剂具有优良的缓蚀防锈性能。
                 关键词:微乳液;清洗剂;金属表面;缓蚀剂;相变;表面活性剂
                 中图分类号:O648.23;TG174.42      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 12-2498-10



                            Microemulsion for cleaning oil stains on metal surface

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                             LIU Shiwei , GU Xuelin , CHEN Shuang , NING Tengfei , LIU Hui'e
                 [1. College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China; 2.
                 Water Supply Branch of Shengli Petroleum Administration Co., Ltd., Dongying 257097, Shandong, China]
                 Abstract: A microemulsion was prepared using sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as surfactant and
                 then used to clean the oil stains on the metal surface. The effects of SDBS, Na 2 CO 3 , kerosene, and n-butanol
                 contents on  the cleaning rate of  microemulsion were investigated. In addition, different formulations  were
                 investigated from the temperature stability range, the cleaning rate with temperature and time changes, and
                 finally an optimized  microemulsion  formulation for treating  metal surface oil stains was screened:  SDBS
                 content 8% (on the basis of the mass of deionized water, the same below), Na 2 CO 3 content 1.4%, kerosene
                 content 12.8% and n-butanol content 6.4%. Subsequently, the effects of corrosion inhibitor types and dosage
                 on the protective properties of the cleaning agent on carbon steel, brass and aluminum were evaluated. Finally,
                 sodium silicate content 0.06% was used as the microemulsion corrosion inhibitor. The performance evaluation
                 of the cleaning agent showed that the cleaning rate was about 98%. During the test period, the surface of
                 carbon steel, brass, and aluminum was smooth and clean, without obvious quality changes and rust, and had
                 excellent corrosion and rust prevention performance.
                 Key words: microemulsion; cleaning agent; metal surface; corrosion inhibitor; phase change; surfactants


                                                                 [3]
                 微乳液是油和水两种不混溶液体在表面活性剂                          中 。微乳液因其自身的优良特性被广泛应用于三
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            和助表面活性剂存在下所自发形成的热力学上稳定                             次采油 、纳米材料制备 、药物载体 、织物及金
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            的分散体,其分散相粒径小、黏度低,具有超低的                             属表面油污清理 等领域。
            界面张力(小于 0.1 mN/m)和较小的分散相尺寸                             金属清洗剂主要是由水、有机溶剂、表面活性
            (10~100 nm)   [1-2] ,能够将油溶性的有机质溶于水                 剂、碱性助剂、缓蚀剂等组成。常用的有机溶剂有


                 收稿日期:2021-06-07;  定用日期:2021-08-24; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210575
                 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(22078366);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2017MB015)
                 作者简介:刘士伟(1995—),男,硕士生。联系人:陈   爽(1973—),女,副教授,E-mail:chsh1030@163.com。
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