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·2514·                            精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 38 卷

                  表 3   酸型槐糖脂修复土壤的植物生长情况                           of China (湿法冶金), 2020, 39(6): 511-516.
            Table 3    Plant growth in soil remediation by acid-type   [6]   WANG M (王娩), CHEN S (陈爽), LIU H E (刘会娥), et al. Effect
                     sophorolipid                                  of cosurfactant and oil/water volume ratio on the phase behavior of
                                                                   microemulsion[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2020, 37(8): 1645-1652.
                     茎质量/mg  根质量/mg 根冠比  根长/mm 茎长/mm           [7]  ZHANG  Y  (张永), LIAO B H (廖柏寒), ZENG  M (曾敏),  et al.
             黑麦草        35.9    18.2   0.51   58     153           Complex effects of LAS and Cd on growth of soybean[J]. Journal of
                                                                   Agro-Environment Science ( 农业环境科学学报 ), 2004, 23(6):
             紫花苜蓿       11.5     3.5   0.30   44      35
                                                                   1070-1072.

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                                                                   surfactants:  The next generation multifunctional biomolecules for
            3    结论                                                applications in the petroleum industry and its associated environmental
                                                                   remediation[J]. Microorganisms, 2019, 7(11): 581.
                 以酸型槐糖脂为表面活性剂配制微乳液进行含                          [9]   MINUCELLI  T, RIBEIRO-VIANA R M,  BORSATTO  D,  et al.
                                                                   Sophorolipids production by Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 and its
            油土壤的无害化与资源化处理,得出以下结论:                                  potential application in  soil bioremediation[J]. Waste and Biomass
                (1)筛选出较优的微乳液配方为酸型槐糖脂含                              Valorization, 2017, 8(3): 743-753.
                                                               [10]  GOSWAMI T, TACK  F  M G, GACHY L  M,  et al. Remediation  of
            量 6%、NaCl 含量 1%、柴油含量 13.36%,通过单
                                                                   aviation kerosene-contaminated soil by sophorolipids from Candida
            因素实验,在该配方下确定出清洗含油土壤的最佳                                 bombicola CB 2107[J]. Applied Sciences, 2020, 10(6): 1981.
            方案为液固比 2∶1、温度 35  ℃、搅拌速率 600 r/min、                [11]  ZHANG X  Y (张新宇). Determination of oily sludge by Soxhlet
                                                                   extraction gravimetric  method[J]. Journal of Shandong  Industrial
            清洗时间 20 min。在该条件下土壤原油脱除率最高                             Technology (山东工业技术), 2017, (11): 296.
            可达 95.95%。                                         [12] WANG  L  (王龙), LIU H  E (刘会娥),  LIU Y T  (刘宇童),  et al.
                                                                   Emergency treatment of crude oil contaminated soil and resource
                (2)规模放大实验及重复使用实验表明,将含                              recovery using microemulsion[J]. CIESC Journal (化工学报), 2019,
            油土壤处理量放大至 300 倍,微乳液仍能保持原油                              70(7): 2699-2707.
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            脱除率在 94%以上;微乳相在补加柴油的情况下,                               Treatment of crude oil contaminated sand soil and oil recovery using
            使用 5 次后仍能保持原油脱除率在 87%以上。                               sophorolipid microemulsion[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering
                                                                   Progress (化工进展), 2020, 39(5): 1930-1937.
                (3)经微乳液处理后的回收油样的油样密度和                          [14]  TENG H  N (滕弘霓), ZHOU X T (周秀婷). Study of the
            灰分比原始油样略有增加,饱和分含量增加,芳香                                 microemulsion  process with nonionic surfacant[J]. Journal  of
                                                                   Qingdao University of Science  and Technology (Natural Science
            分、胶质和沥青质含量减少,黏度降低,回收的原                                 Edition) (青岛科技大学学报:  自然科学版), 2003, 24(3): 196-199.
            油具有一定的利用价值。                                        [15] BOURREL M,SCHECHTER R S.Surfactant science series. Vol. 30:
                (4)微乳液修复后土壤与原始未污染土壤相比,                             Microemulsions  and  related  systems: Formulation, solvency, and
                                                                   physical properties[M]. New York: Marcel Dekker Press, 1988.
            土壤有机质含量略有升高,pH 由 8.56 下降到 7.68,                    [16]  REN  H  Y, ZHOU S  Y, WANG B,  et al. Treatment mechanism  of
            全盐量降低了 80.41%,土壤等级从重度盐碱地降低                             sludge containing highly viscous heavy oil using biosurfactant[J].
                                                                   Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,
            为轻度盐碱地。                                                2020, 585: 124117.
                (5)通过种子萌发生长实验检验修复后土壤的                          [17]  HUANG L X (黄立信), LIU C H (刘楚晗), ZHANG Y (张尹), et al.
                                                                   Application of biosurfactant in oil recovery from oily sludge[J].
            残留毒性,发现修复后土壤能促进黑麦草和紫花苜                                 Chemistry Bioengineering (化学与生物工程), 2018, 35(9): 49-54, 59.
            蓿的发芽与生长,结果表明,酸型槐糖脂微乳液修                             [18]  BAO H X (包红旭), ZHAO X (张欣), ZHAO F (赵峰), et al. Effects
                                                                   of rhamnolipids with different structure ratios on the emulsification
            复后土壤的毒性得到有效控制。                                         activity and oily sludge cleaning[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生
                                                                   态学杂志), 2020, 39(1): 243-251.
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