Page 67 - 《精细化工》2020年第2期
P. 67
第 38 卷第 2 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.2
202 1 年 2 月 FINE CHEMICALS Feb. 2021
综论
聚氨酯应用于缓控释肥料无溶剂包膜的研究进展
李丽霞 1,2 ,赵同科 1,2 ,衣文平 1,2 ,邹国元 1,2 ,肖 强 1,2
(1. 北京市农林科学院 植物营养与资源研究所,北京 100097;2. 北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,
北京 100097)
摘要:精准施肥是当今农业绿色发展的标志性方向,缓控释肥料以可控的方式为植物提供营养的同时,最大限
度减少养分损失,降低环境风险。无溶剂聚氨酯包膜材料是当前缓控释肥料研究的重要分支。为更好地掌握研
究现状与发展趋势,从材料合成的角度入手,对无溶剂聚氨酯包膜的合成技术、产品种类、改性方法等方面的
进展进行了分析、对比和综述。分析表明,不同种类的生物质原料已被应用于包膜合成中,丰富了聚氨酯包膜
的来源和种类。填充、互穿聚合物网络、有机硅等是膜材有效的改性方法。指出了简单、高效、低成本的改性
方法,明确的控释机制及性能调控,膜材绿色环保、功能化、产业化是今后无溶剂聚氨酯包膜研究的主要趋势。
关键词:聚氨酯;生物质;缓控释肥料;改性;可持续性
中图分类号:TQ323.8; TQ449.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 02-0269-08
Research progress of polyurethane used for solventless coatings of
slow/controlled release fertilizers
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
LI Lixia , ZHAO Tongke , YI Wenping , ZOU Guoyuan , XIAO Qiang
(1. Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097,
China; 2. Research Center of Beijing Municipal Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers Engineering Technology,
Beijing 100097, China)
Abstract: Precision fertilization is the key direction of agricultural green development. Slow/controlled
release fertilizer provides nutrition for plants at a pace that is compatible with their needs, to minimize
nutrient loss and environmental risk. Solventless polyurethane coating material is an important branch in the
current research of slow/controlled release fertilizer. In order to better grasp the research status and
development trend, the progress in these aspects, such as synthesis technologies, product types and
modification methods is analyzed, compared and summarized from the point of view of material synthesis.
The analysis results show that different kinds of biomass raw materials have been applied in the synthesis of
coating, which enrich the source and variety of coatings. Filling, interpenetrating polymer network and
organosilicon are effective modification methods for coating materials. It is pointed out that simple and
efficient modification method with low cost, clear controlled release mechanism and performance control,
green and environmental protection, functional and industrialization of membrane materials are the main
trends of solventless polyurethane coating research in the future.
Key words: polyurethane; biomass; slow/controlled release fertilizers; modification; sustainability
农业实践表明,化肥对中国粮食增产的贡献率 种高分子材料在速效肥料外表进行包膜后的缓控释
[1]
在 40%以上 。化肥行业作为重要的支农产业,直 肥料如图 1 所示。表面薄膜起定量控制养分释放的
接关系到国家的粮食安全和生态环境保护。采用各 目的,在实际应用中能实现肥料的养分释放速率与
收稿日期:2020-06-25; 定用日期:2020-09-03; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200556
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200608,2018YFD0200607-1);国家自然科学基金(31972510);北京市自然科学基
金(6202007)
作者简介:李丽霞(1978—),女,副研究员,E-mail: ashleyllx@163.com。