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·864·                             精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 38 卷

            2.2   不同取代基(X)对化合物Ⅲ的产率和 e.e.值                      [2]   HAYASHI H,  HATTORI S, INOUE K,  et al.  Field survey of
                 的影响                                               Glycyrrhiza plants in central asia (3). Chemical characterization of G.
                                                                   glabra  collected in Uzbekistan[J]. Chemical & Pharmaceutical
                 以化合物Ⅱ为原料,以 R-二环己基[2′-(萘-2-氧
                                                                   Bulletin, 2003, 51(11): 1338-1340.
            基)-(1,1′-双萘)-2-基]膦为手性配体和以 Pd(OAc) 2 为催
                                                               [3]   GUPTA V, FATIMA A, FARIDI U, et al. Antimicrobial potential of
            化剂,在 1.2.3 节反应条件下考察了反应物中不同的                            Glycyrrhiza glabra roots[J]. Journal  of Ethnopharmcology, 2008,
            取代基(X)对于该反应的收率和 e.e.  值的影响。                            11(6): 377-380.
            选取了 Cl、Br 和 OTf  3 个取代基的反应底物,结果                    [4]   YOKOTA T, NISHIO H, KUBOTA Y, et al. The inhibitory effect of
                                                                   glabridin from licorice extracts on melanogenesis and inflammation[J].
            见表 1。
                                                                   Pigment Cell Research, 1998, 11(8): 855-861.
                 从表 1 中可以看出,不同的取代基(X)对化
                                                               [5]   CONG J  X (丛景香), GAO  L J (高丽娟), LIN B C  (林炳昌).
            合物Ⅲ的收率和 e.e.值具有较大的影响。当 X 为 Cl                          Progress in studies of  flavonoid compounds  of licorice[J]. Fine
            时,反应物为 1-氯-2,4-二甲氧基苯,收率为 78%,                          Chemicals (精细化工), 2004, 21(S1): 121-124.
            e.e.值为 82%;当 X 为 Br 时,反应物为 1-溴-2,4-二               [6]   OHAD N, JACOB  V, RAMADAN M,  et al. Glabrene  and
                                                                   isoliquiritigenin as tyrosinase inhibitors from licorice roots[J]. Journal
            甲氧基苯,收率为 86%,e.e.值为 85%;当 X 为 OTf
                                                                   of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51(5): 1201-1207.
            时,收率为 89%,e.e.值为 90%。由此可知,当 X
                                                               [7]   HOLLENBERG P, KENT  U,  BUMPUS N. Mechanism-based
            为 Cl 时,收率和 e.e.值都是最低的;当 X 为 OTf                        inactivation of human cytochromes P450S: Experimental characterization,
            时,收率和 e.e.值都是最高的。可推断出,取代基                              reactive intermediates, and clinical implications[J]. Chemical
            的反应活性顺序为:OTf>Br>Cl。其原因可能是                              Research in Toxicology, 2007, 21(1): 189-205.
                                        +
            Ar—OTf 键较容易断裂形成 Ar ,较容易与 Pd(0)                     [8]   WANG J G (王建国), ZHOU Z (周忠), LIU H F (刘海峰),  et al.
                                                                   Application of active glycyrrhizic constituents to cosmetics[J]. China
                                                        +
            配位,而 Ar—Cl 键比较稳定,较难断裂形成 Ar 。
                                                                   Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (日用化学工业), 2004, 34(4):
            Ar—X 键的活性影响收率和 e.e.值。因此,确定最                            249-251.
            佳的取代基为 OTf。                                        [9]   VAYA J,  BELINKY P, AVIRAM M.  Antioxidant constituents from
                                                                   licorice roots: Isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidative capacity
                                                                   toward LDL oxidation[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1997,
               表 1   取代基(X)对化合物Ⅲ收率及 e.e.值的影响
            Table 1    Influences of substituent groups (X) on the yield and   23(2): 302-313.
                                                               [10]  KOYAKUMARU K, UEYAMA S. Method for producing isoflavan
                    e.e. value of compound  Ⅲ
                                                                   derivative: JP2006008604A[P]. 2004-06-25.
                   X            收率/%           e.e.值/%         [11]  YOO S, NAHM K. Facile and efficient synthesis of (±) glabridin[J].
                  Cl             78              82                Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2007, 28(3): 481-484.
                  Br             86              85            [12]  YOO S. A manufacturing process of isoflavan or isoflavene derivatives:
                  OTf            89              90                WO2005037815A[P]. 2005-04-28.
                                                               [13]  JI W H, GAO Q S, LIN Y L, et al. Total synthesis of (±) glabridin[J].
                 注:不同取代基的反应物用量均为 18.6 mmol。
                                                                   Synthetic Communications, 2014, 44: 540-546.

                                                               [14]  JI W H (纪文华), GAO Q S (高乾善), WANG X (王晓),  et al. A
            3    结论                                                synthetic method of glabridin: CN103030647A[P]. 2013-01-16.
                                                               [15]  KIM M, KIM S,  KIM Y,  et al. Absolute configurations of (±)
                 本研究以 7-羟基色满-4-酮为起始原料,采用手                          glabridin enantiomers[J]. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society,
                                                                   2009, 30(2): 415-418.
            性膦配体和 Pd(OAc) 2 催化剂,经 7 步反应合成得到
                                                               [16]  HUANG Z Y, LIM L H, CHEN Z L, et al. Arene CH-O hydrogen
            单一构型的 R-光甘草定,总收率为 23.6%,产品 e.e.
                                                                   bonding:  A stereocontrolling tool in  palladium-catalyzed arylation
            值为 98.9%,并对反应物中的取代基(X)对收率以                             and vinylation  of ketones[J]. Angewandte Chemie International
            及 e.e.值的影响进行了考察,发现当 X=OTf 时,中                          Edition, 2013, 52: 4906-4911.
            间产物Ⅲ的收率和 e.e.值最佳。同时,采用手性膦                          [17]  HUANG Z Y, LIU Z, ZHOU J R. An enantioselective intermolecular
                                                                   α-arylation of ester enolates to form tertiary stereocenters[J]. Journal
            配体和 Pd(OAc) 2 作为催化剂可高效引入手性中心,
                                                                   of the American Society, 2011, 133(40): 15882-15885.
            具有较高的立体选择性。此法条件温和、后处理简                             [18]  KERTI G, KURTAN T, ANTUS S. Study on the reaction mechanism
            单,且收率较高,为今后工业化生产奠定了基础。                                 of Heck-oxyarylation of 2H-chromenes[J]. Arkivoc Online Journal of
                                                                   Organic Chemistry, 2009, 6: 103-110.
            参考文献:                                              [19]  YANG J D (杨家德), QU W C (曲文超), FAN Y L (范玉龙), et al.

            [1]   SIMMLER C, PAULI G, CHEN S.  Phytochemistry and biological   Method for asymmetrically synthesizing glabridin with optical purity
                 properties of glabridin [J]. Fitoterapia, 2013, 90: 160-184.   under catalysis of ruthenium compound: CN10844053A[P]. 2018-03-16.
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