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·864· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 38 卷
2.2 不同取代基(X)对化合物Ⅲ的产率和 e.e.值 [2] HAYASHI H, HATTORI S, INOUE K, et al. Field survey of
的影响 Glycyrrhiza plants in central asia (3). Chemical characterization of G.
glabra collected in Uzbekistan[J]. Chemical & Pharmaceutical
以化合物Ⅱ为原料,以 R-二环己基[2′-(萘-2-氧
Bulletin, 2003, 51(11): 1338-1340.
基)-(1,1′-双萘)-2-基]膦为手性配体和以 Pd(OAc) 2 为催
[3] GUPTA V, FATIMA A, FARIDI U, et al. Antimicrobial potential of
化剂,在 1.2.3 节反应条件下考察了反应物中不同的 Glycyrrhiza glabra roots[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmcology, 2008,
取代基(X)对于该反应的收率和 e.e. 值的影响。 11(6): 377-380.
选取了 Cl、Br 和 OTf 3 个取代基的反应底物,结果 [4] YOKOTA T, NISHIO H, KUBOTA Y, et al. The inhibitory effect of
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见表 1。
Pigment Cell Research, 1998, 11(8): 855-861.
从表 1 中可以看出,不同的取代基(X)对化
[5] CONG J X (丛景香), GAO L J (高丽娟), LIN B C (林炳昌).
合物Ⅲ的收率和 e.e.值具有较大的影响。当 X 为 Cl Progress in studies of flavonoid compounds of licorice[J]. Fine
时,反应物为 1-氯-2,4-二甲氧基苯,收率为 78%, Chemicals (精细化工), 2004, 21(S1): 121-124.
e.e.值为 82%;当 X 为 Br 时,反应物为 1-溴-2,4-二 [6] OHAD N, JACOB V, RAMADAN M, et al. Glabrene and
isoliquiritigenin as tyrosinase inhibitors from licorice roots[J]. Journal
甲氧基苯,收率为 86%,e.e.值为 85%;当 X 为 OTf
of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51(5): 1201-1207.
时,收率为 89%,e.e.值为 90%。由此可知,当 X
[7] HOLLENBERG P, KENT U, BUMPUS N. Mechanism-based
为 Cl 时,收率和 e.e.值都是最低的;当 X 为 OTf inactivation of human cytochromes P450S: Experimental characterization,
时,收率和 e.e.值都是最高的。可推断出,取代基 reactive intermediates, and clinical implications[J]. Chemical
的反应活性顺序为:OTf>Br>Cl。其原因可能是 Research in Toxicology, 2007, 21(1): 189-205.
+
Ar—OTf 键较容易断裂形成 Ar ,较容易与 Pd(0) [8] WANG J G (王建国), ZHOU Z (周忠), LIU H F (刘海峰), et al.
Application of active glycyrrhizic constituents to cosmetics[J]. China
+
配位,而 Ar—Cl 键比较稳定,较难断裂形成 Ar 。
Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (日用化学工业), 2004, 34(4):
Ar—X 键的活性影响收率和 e.e.值。因此,确定最 249-251.
佳的取代基为 OTf。 [9] VAYA J, BELINKY P, AVIRAM M. Antioxidant constituents from
licorice roots: Isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidative capacity
toward LDL oxidation[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1997,
表 1 取代基(X)对化合物Ⅲ收率及 e.e.值的影响
Table 1 Influences of substituent groups (X) on the yield and 23(2): 302-313.
[10] KOYAKUMARU K, UEYAMA S. Method for producing isoflavan
e.e. value of compound Ⅲ
derivative: JP2006008604A[P]. 2004-06-25.
X 收率/% e.e.值/% [11] YOO S, NAHM K. Facile and efficient synthesis of (±) glabridin[J].
Cl 78 82 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2007, 28(3): 481-484.
Br 86 85 [12] YOO S. A manufacturing process of isoflavan or isoflavene derivatives:
OTf 89 90 WO2005037815A[P]. 2005-04-28.
[13] JI W H, GAO Q S, LIN Y L, et al. Total synthesis of (±) glabridin[J].
注:不同取代基的反应物用量均为 18.6 mmol。
Synthetic Communications, 2014, 44: 540-546.
[14] JI W H (纪文华), GAO Q S (高乾善), WANG X (王晓), et al. A
3 结论 synthetic method of glabridin: CN103030647A[P]. 2013-01-16.
[15] KIM M, KIM S, KIM Y, et al. Absolute configurations of (±)
本研究以 7-羟基色满-4-酮为起始原料,采用手 glabridin enantiomers[J]. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society,
2009, 30(2): 415-418.
性膦配体和 Pd(OAc) 2 催化剂,经 7 步反应合成得到
[16] HUANG Z Y, LIM L H, CHEN Z L, et al. Arene CH-O hydrogen
单一构型的 R-光甘草定,总收率为 23.6%,产品 e.e.
bonding: A stereocontrolling tool in palladium-catalyzed arylation
值为 98.9%,并对反应物中的取代基(X)对收率以 and vinylation of ketones[J]. Angewandte Chemie International
及 e.e.值的影响进行了考察,发现当 X=OTf 时,中 Edition, 2013, 52: 4906-4911.
间产物Ⅲ的收率和 e.e.值最佳。同时,采用手性膦 [17] HUANG Z Y, LIU Z, ZHOU J R. An enantioselective intermolecular
α-arylation of ester enolates to form tertiary stereocenters[J]. Journal
配体和 Pd(OAc) 2 作为催化剂可高效引入手性中心,
of the American Society, 2011, 133(40): 15882-15885.
具有较高的立体选择性。此法条件温和、后处理简 [18] KERTI G, KURTAN T, ANTUS S. Study on the reaction mechanism
单,且收率较高,为今后工业化生产奠定了基础。 of Heck-oxyarylation of 2H-chromenes[J]. Arkivoc Online Journal of
Organic Chemistry, 2009, 6: 103-110.
参考文献: [19] YANG J D (杨家德), QU W C (曲文超), FAN Y L (范玉龙), et al.
[1] SIMMLER C, PAULI G, CHEN S. Phytochemistry and biological Method for asymmetrically synthesizing glabridin with optical purity
properties of glabridin [J]. Fitoterapia, 2013, 90: 160-184. under catalysis of ruthenium compound: CN10844053A[P]. 2018-03-16.