Page 199 - 《精细化工》2021年第5期

第 38 卷第 5 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.5
202 1 年 5 月 FINE CHEMICALS May 2021

油田化学品与油品添加剂
二元聚合物的合成及在稠油 W/O 乳液中的应用

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郭 睿，马丽娟 ，闫育蒙，徐 康，张晓飞
（陕西科技大学 中国轻工业轻化工助剂重点实验室，陕西 西安 710021）

摘要：采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯酯（NPEAA）为原料、偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）
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为引发剂、甲苯为溶剂制备了二元聚合物稠油破乳剂。采用 FTIR、 HNMR 对产物结构进行了确证，GPC 测试
了产物相对分子质量；采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度（CMC）为 0.5 g/L，表面张力为 25.684
mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标，探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油 W/O 乳液的破
乳脱水性能。最佳破乳条件为：温度 55 ℃、时间 2.0 h、破乳剂用量 0.5 g/L，在此条件下，脱水率为 88.5%，
脱出水中含油量为 198.4 mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观黏度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微
观破乳过程，分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面处易溶解扩散，脱水速率快，破乳效果好。
关键词：破乳剂；脱水率；稠油破乳；油田化学品
中图分类号：TE345；TE39 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2021) 05-1053-08

Synthesis of bipolymer and its application in heavy oil W/O emulsion

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GUO Rui, MA Lijuan , YAN Yumeng, XU Kang, ZHANG Xiaofei
（Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,
Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China）

Abstract: Bipolymer heavy oil demulsifier was prepared by using acrylic acid (AA) and self-made
nonylphenol polyether acrylate (NPEAA) as raw materials, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and
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toluene as solvent. The product was confirmed by FTIR and HNMR. The relative molecular mass of the
product was tested by GPC. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 0.5 g/L and the surface tension
was 25.684 mN/m, which were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer and surface tension meter. The
demulsification performance of the bipolymer on Chenzhuang heavy oil W/O emulsion was discussed
under different factors taking the dehydration rate and oil content of dehydrated sewage as measurement
indicators. The optimal demulsification conditions were obtained as follows: Temperature 55 ℃, time 2.0 h,
demulsifier dosage 0.5 g/L. Under these conditions, the dehydration rate was 88.5%, and the oil content in
the dehydrated sewage was 198.4 mg/L. The effects of bipolymer demulsifier on apparent viscosity, system
stability, oil-water interface and microscopic demulsification process of emulsion system were studied. It
was found that bipolymer demulsifier was easier to dissolve and diffuse at oil-water interface, with fast
dehydration rate and good demulsification effect.
Key words: demulsifier; dehydration rate; heavy oil demulsification; oilfield chemicals

目前，国内外大多数油田已经进入二次采油后 液非常稳定 [1-5] 。加之碱水驱油、压裂、聚合物驱油
期和三次采油阶段，易于开采的常规原油产量持续 等一系列增产措施的运用，使得稠油采出液含水率
下降，稠油和超稠油的开采利用变得日益重要。稠 不断升高，稠油采出液组成和类型也变得越来越复
油油质黏度高、密度大、流动性差，其中含有大量 杂 [6-7] ，使破乳脱水难度进一步加大。研制新型高效、
成分复杂的胶质和沥青质等天然乳化剂，形成的乳 脱水效果优异的稠油专用破乳剂已成为稠油开采领

收稿日期：2020-08-29; 定用日期：2020-11-19; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200808
基金项目：陕西省重点研发计划（2017GY-185，2017ZDXM-GY-087）；西安市科技计划项目[CXY1701(3)]
作者简介：郭 睿（1959—），男，教授。联系人：马丽娟（1993—），女，硕士生，E-mail：1974982740@qq.com。