Page 28 - 《精细化工》2021年第5期
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第 38 卷第 5 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.5
202 1 年 5 月 FINE CHEMICALS May 2021
综论
油溶性聚合物在稠油降黏中的研究进展
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王 宁,陈翔宇,夏淑倩
(天津大学 化工学院,天津 300350)
摘要:稠油黏度高、密度大,给开采运输带来巨大的挑战。常用掺稀、加热、乳化等方式对稠油降黏,但各种
技术均存在不足和限制。近年来,油溶性降黏剂因其降黏效率稳定、成本较低及操作简便等优点而备受关注,
展现出良好的应用前景。油溶性降黏剂大多是由降凝剂发展而来,主要包含 3 种基团——长链烷基、芳香环和
极性基团。该文综述了油溶性稠油降黏剂的发展历程、基本现状、结构特点;分析了油溶性降黏剂中 3 种关键
基团在降黏过程中的不同作用和前人在 3 种基团方向上的尝试;阐述了降黏机理及 3 种关键基团对降黏效果的
影响;最后指出油溶性降黏剂的不足之处并对其发展趋势进行展望。
关键词:稠油;油溶性降黏剂;分子结构;降黏机理;聚合物
中图分类号:TE345;TQ317.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 05-0882-07
Research progress of oil-soluble polymers in viscosity reduction of heavy oil
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WANG Ning, CHEN Xiangyu, XIA Shuqian
(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China)
Abstract: The high viscosity and density of heavy oil bring great challenges to exploitation and
transportation. Several methods such as dilution, heating, emulsification have been used to reduce the
viscosity of heavy oil, but all kinds of technology have deficiency and limitation. Oil-soluble viscosity
reducers have attracted much attention and exhibited good development prospect in recent years for their
stable viscosity reduction efficiency, low cost and simple operation. Oil-soluble viscosity reducers are
mostly developed from the pour point depressants and mainly contain three groups: long-chain alkyl,
aromatic groups and polar components. The development history, basic status and structural characteristics
of oil-soluble viscosity reducers for heavy oil are reviewed. The different roles of three key groups in
oil-soluble viscosity reducers in viscosity reduction process and the previous attempts in three groups are
analyzed. The mechanisms of viscosity reduction and the effects of three key groups on the viscosity
reduction are discussed. Finally, the shortcomings of oil-soluble viscosity reducers are pointed out and their
development trend is prospected.
Key words: heavy oil; oil-soluble viscosity reducers; molecular structure; mechanism of viscosity
reduction; polymer
[7]
[1]
全球对原油的需求一直在稳步增长 。随着中 100 mPa·s 的原油 ,具有黏度高、密度大、流动性
[8]
国工业化进程的不断推进,对原油开采程度的不断 差等特点,国外称之为重油 。稠油高凝高黏的特
加深,常规原油的储量急剧减少 [2-3] 。而稠油作为非 性给开采运输带来巨大的挑战。目前,世界上传统
[4]
常规原油的一种,约占世界石油总储量的 70% , 的降黏方式主要有掺稀、加热、乳化和油溶性降黏
[9]
其开采利用引起人们越来越多的关注 [5-6] 。稠油是指 等 ,但这些降黏方式都有一定的局限性,例如:
在油层条件下黏度大于 50 mPa·s 或脱气后黏度大于 掺稀降黏受限于轻质油的来源且混合后轻质油和稠
收稿日期:2020-08-31; 定用日期:2020-11-19; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200814
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0702400)
作者简介:王 宁(1995—),男,硕士生,E-mail:waning@tju.edu.cn。联系人:夏淑倩(1973—),女,教授,E-mail:shuqianxia@
tju.edu.cn。