Page 52 - 《精细化工》2022年第10期
P. 52

第 39 卷第 10 期                            精   细   化   工                                 Vol.39, No.10
             2022 年 10 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                  Oct.  2022


              综论
                                     3D 打印气凝胶的研究现状



                                                         1
                                            1
                                                                      1
                                   张克勤 ,李婷婷 ,蒋望凯 ,胡建臣                              1,2*
                 (1.  苏州大学  纺织与服装工程学院,江苏  苏州  215123;2.  南通纺织丝绸产业技术研究院,江苏  南通
                 226300)


                 摘要:气凝胶材料具有高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度以及低热导率等优良性能,被认为是 21 世纪的十大新材
                 料之一。然而,传统气凝胶由于其力学性能有限,难以经过后加工技术形成所需的复杂形状结构,满足实际应
                 用的需求。因此,无需复杂后处理,即定制化制备复杂形状结构材料的 3D 打印技术有望成为突破气凝胶材料
                 应用瓶颈的先进制造技术。该文从 3D 打印气凝胶的技术种类和材料类型两个方面,综述了 3D 打印气凝胶材料
                 的研究进展;归纳了 3D 打印气凝胶材料在阻燃隔热、介电和组织工程中的独特应用并展望了 3D 打印气凝胶的
                 发展趋势。最后指出扩宽 3D 打印气凝胶材料的材料体系、开发更适应气凝胶打印的 3D 打印技术、提升打印精
                 度与速度和深入研究 3D 打印气凝胶的可控孔隙结构对其性能的影响是未来的几个重要的研究方向。3D 打印气
                 凝胶材料的开发有望促进气凝胶材料的快速发展。
                 关键词:3D 打印;气凝胶;挤出式;光固化;应用
                 中图分类号:TB34                           文献标识码:A
                 文章编号:1003-5214 (2022) 10-1986-13      开放科学 (资源服务)  标识码 (OSID):



                                      Research status of 3D printed aerogels

                                             1
                                                         1
                                                                          1
                                ZHANG Keqin , LI Tingting , JIANG Wangkai , HU Jianchen 1,2*
                 (1. College of  Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou  215123, Jiangsu, China; 2. Nantong
                 Textile & Silk Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nantong 226300, Jiangsu, China)

                 Abstract: Aerogel materials, possessing numerous interesting features including high specific surface area,
                 high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity, are regarded as one of the top ten novel materials
                 in the 21st century. However, due to the limited mechanical properties of typical aerogels, it is difficult
                 through  post-processing to fabricate aerogels with complex shape and  structure required  by practical
                 situations.  Therefore, 3D printing,  with the ability to customize  materials with complex shapes and
                 structures, is  a promising advanced manufacturing  technology for bottleneck  breakthroughs of  aerogel
                 practical applicability with no complicated post-processing needed.  Herein, the  research progress  of 3D
                 printed aerogels in the aspects of printing methods and material classification  was firstly discussed,
                 followed by summarization of their unique applications in the fields of flame retardant thermal insulation,
                 dielectric, and tissue engineering as well as the future development directions. Finally, 3D aerogel material
                 system expansion, exploration  of  3D  printing technology more suitable for aerogel printing,  printing
                 accuracy and speed enhancement, and further investigation of the controllable pore structure influence on
                 the performance of 3D printed aerogels are considered to be the future research directions. The development
                 of 3D printed aerogel materials is expected to promote the rapid progress of aerogel materials.
                 Key words: 3D printing; aerogel; extrusion; photo-curing; development


                                                                                                     [2]
                 气凝胶是指将湿凝胶中的液体组分替代成气体                          赋予其非凡的性能,使其具有广泛的应用 ,在隔
                                                                 [3]
                                                                                                 [6]
                                                                                     [5]
                                                                             [4]
                                      [1]
            而形成的多孔固态纳米材料 ,气凝胶的独特结构                             热 、能量储存 、催化 、环境处理 和电磁波屏

                 收稿日期:2022-03-29;  定用日期:2022-06-13; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220286
                 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(51873134);江苏省高等学校自然科学重大研究项目(17KJA540002);南通市科技计划项目
                 (JC2021043)
                 作者简介:张克勤(1972—),男,博士,教授,E-mail:kqzhang@suda.edu.cn。联系人:胡建臣(1981—),男,博士,副教授,E-mail:
                 hujianchen@suda.edu.cn。
   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56   57