Page 178 - 《精细化工》2022年第11期

第 39 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.11
2022 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2022

水处理技术与环境保护
基于静电作用选择性吸附染料的超分子凝胶剂

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刚恺悦 ，张宝浩 ，马 宁 ，张 宝 ，宋 健
（1. 天津大学 化工学院，天津 300350；2. 天津大学 理学院，天津 300350）
摘要：设计、合成了一系列季铵盐型凝胶剂，仅通过调控季铵盐烷基侧链的长度，可得到两种自组装模式不同
的凝胶剂。通过 FTIR、XRD 研究了甲苯干凝胶的自组装模式。结果表明，这两种干凝胶具有相反的表面 Zeta
电位，通过静电作用实现了对阴阳离子染料的选择吸附。在二元阴阳离子混合染料水溶液中，表面带有负电荷
的干凝胶可优先捕获阳离子染料，而表面带有正电荷的干凝胶可捕获阴离子染料。特别是表面带有负电荷的干
凝胶对龙胆紫表现出优异的吸附性能，在 60 min 左右的平衡吸附量高达 1313.16 mg/g。将凝胶剂负载于三聚氰
胺海绵骨架表面，得到的改性三聚氰胺海绵吸附染料种类与对其改性的干凝胶保持一致，且对染料的吸附量均
明显高于干凝胶的吸附量，尤其是对龙胆紫的吸附量提升至 2488.22 mg/g。
关键词：季铵盐型凝胶剂；选择性吸附；表面改性；染料；水处理技术
中图分类号：X703；TQ427.26；O647.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1003-5214 (2022) 11-2328-09 开放科学 (资源服务) 标识码 (OSID)：

Supramolecular gelators for selective adsorption of dyes
based on electrostatic interaction

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GANG Kaiyue , ZHANG Baohao , MA Ning , ZHANG Bao , SONG Jian
（1. Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; 2. School of Science, Tianjin
University, Tianjin 300350, China）
Abstract: A series of quaternary ammonium salt-type gelators were designed and synthesized, and two
types of gelator with different self-assembly modes could be obtained only by quaternary alkyl side chain
length modulation. The self-assembly patterns of toluene xerogels were then investigated by FTIR and
XRD. The results showed that two xerogels synthesized had opposite surface Zeta potentials and achieved
selective adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes through electrostatic interaction. In binary anionic-cationic
mixed dye aqueous solutions, the xerogel with negative surface charges preferentially captured cationic
dyes, while that with positive surface charges preferred anionic dyes. Furthermore, the negatively charged
xerogel exhibited excellent adsorption activity for crystal violet, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity up
to 1313.16 mg/g in ~60 min. The dye selectivity of modified melamine sponge, synthesized via loading the
gelators on the surface of melamine sponge skeleton, was consistent with that of the xerogel used for modification.
Moreover, the dye adsorption capacities of the modified melamine sponge were all significantly improved
in comparison to those of the xerogels, especially that for crystal violet reached up to 2488.22 mg/g.
Key words: quaternary ammonium salt-type gelators; selective adsorption; surface modification; dyes; water
treatment technology

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全球每年使用超 1.0×10 种约 7.0×10 t 不同的 危害 。合成染料具有稳定的化学性质 ，所以传统
[1]
染料和颜料 。水体中大量的不可降解染料会导致 废水处理技术如离子交换、混凝、光催化降解等无
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水体生物光合效率降低 ，对海洋生物及人类造成 法对染料废水进行有效脱色 [5-7] 。吸附法对各种可溶

收稿日期：2022-04-22; 定用日期：2022-05-24; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220382
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（21676185）
作者简介：刚恺悦（1996—），女，硕士生，E-mail：kygang@tju.edu.cn。联系人：张 宝（1976—），男，副教授，E-mail：baozhang
@tju.edu.cn；宋 健（1969—），男，教授，E-mail：songjian@tju.edu.cn。