Page 45 - 《精细化工》2022年第11期

第 11 期 张呈平，等: 数据中心用浸没式冷却液的研究进展 ·2195·

则可以显著降低 GWP 值。因此，在分子设计中，不 11-10.
[10] GUO L (郭亮), XIE L N (谢丽娜), LAN B (蓝滨), et al. The
饱和结构的全氟化合物将成为最重要的研究方向。
technical requirements and test methods of cooling liquid in the data
（2）建立高效、全面的浸没式冷却液筛选机制。 center liquid cooling system: YD/T 3982—2021[S]. 2021-12-02.
目前，浸没式冷却液的筛选具有极高的挑战性， [11] ZHANG C P (张呈平), GUO Q (郭勤), JIA X Q (贾晓卿), et al. The
fluorine-containing heat transfer fluid with cyclic skeleton,
研究涉及多专业的协作，是单一单位或组织难以完
preparation method and application thereof: CN112094627B[P].
成的工作。国内对浸没式冷却液的环境性能大多停 2021-03-16.
留在估算阶段，缺乏实验测试数据。通过获得浸没 [12] BULINSKI M J, TUMA P E, COSTELLO M G, et al. Fluids for
immersion cooling: US20200178414A1[P]. 2020-06-04.
式冷却液的系统性数据，从而编制出适用于数据中 [13] COSTELLO M G, FLYNN R N, BEHR F F. Hydrofluoroether as a
心的浸没式冷却液的标准。比如：全氟烯烃具有优 heat-transfer fluid: US07055579B2[P]. 2006-06-06.
[14] GUO Q (郭勤). Study on atmospheric chemistry and development
异的电绝缘性能、热传递性能和环境性能，基本满
strategy of novel fluorine-containing substituents[D]. Beijing:
足理想浸没式冷却液的技术指标，但是关于其长期 Beijing Institute of Technology (北京理工大学), 2021.
使用是否会对电子器件产生腐蚀，这方面的信息披 [15] ZHANG Z X. Hydrofluoroolefins and methods for using same:
US20170369755A1[P]. 2017-12-28.
露太少，没有形成严格的统一标准。 [16] SMITH S M, BULINSKI M J. Fluorinated diaminoolefins and
（3）开发浸没式冷却液的绿色合成工艺路线。 methods of using the same: WO2018222384A1[P]. 2018-12-06.
开发浸没式冷却液高效率、零污染、绿色的合 [17] LAMANNA W M. Heat transfer fluids and methods of using same:
US10662359B2[P]. 2020-05-26.
成路线及工艺过程，使其突破合成路线和工艺过程的 [18] QUAN H D (权恒道), ZHANG C P (张呈平), GUO Q (郭勤). A
限制，使其大规模应用成为可能。比如：全氟胺采 kind of fluorine-containing heat transfer fluid and its preparation
method and application: CN111792985A[P]. 2020-10-20.
用全氟亚胺与全氟烯烃在催化剂存在下发生液相加 [19] QUAN H D (权恒道), GUO Q (郭勤), ZHANG C P (张呈平). A
成反应得到 [30] ；全氟烯烃是在催化剂存在下，原料 heat transfer device and method: CN111793475B[P]. 2021-11-02.
单体（如六氟丙烯、八氟环戊烯等）发生液相加成 [20] GUO Q, CHEN L, KUTSUNA S, et al. Atmospheric chemistry of
反应得到 [27,32] ；上述两类化合物的合成工艺，均采 perfluoronitriles: Environmental impact and experimental evidence
related to N 2O and NO formation[J]. Atmospheric Environment,
用了大量溶剂的液相间歇工艺，不但合成效率低， 2019, 198: 175-182.
而且产生大量液废和固废，有必要开发绿色、环保 [21] SIMPSON J O, CLAIR A K. Fundamental insight on developing low
dielectric constant polyimides[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1997, 308/309:
的气相连续工艺来合成浸没式冷却液，同时降低浸
480-485.
没式冷却液的成本。目前，已经有研究报道了气相 [22] GOTO K, AKIIKE T, INOUE Y, et al. Polymer design for thermally
催化合成全氟烯烃的技术 [28] 。 stable polyimides with low dielectric constant[J]. Macromol Symp,
2003, 199: 321-332.
参考文献： [23] LIAW D J, WANG K L, HUANG Y C, et al. Advanced polyimide
materials: Syntheses, physical properties and applications[J]. Prog
[1] HAN S, LI H Q, YAN X L, et al. Energy digital transformation white Polym Sci, 2012, 37: 907-974.
paper (2021)[R]. State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Co., [24] HE X J, ZHANG S Y, ZHOU Y, et al. The "fluorine impact" on
Ltd., 2021: 87. dielectric constant of polyimides: A molecular simulation study[J].
[2] ZERO P. It is estimated that by 2025, the total power consumption of Polymer, 2022, 254: 125073.
data centers in China will reach 4.05%[EB/OL]. China IDC Circle, [25] GUARDA P A, SPATARO G, SRINIVASAN P, et al. Method for
2020-04-20. http://www.elecfans.com/d/1207487.html. transferring heat: WO2010034698A1[P]. 2010-04-01.
[3] Electronic Information Industry Research Center of CCID Consulting [26] GISSER A, WERNER K V, NAUMANN J. Perfluoroisohexene as a
Co., Ltd. White paper on the development of liquid-cooled data cooling and insulating medium: US5395540A[P]. 1995-03-07.
centers in China( 中国液 冷数据 中 心发展 白皮书 )[R]. CCID
[27] QUAN H D (权恒道), ZHANG C P (张呈平), GUO Q (郭勤), et al.
Consulting Co., Ltd., 2020: 26.
A kind of fluorine-containing heat transfer fluid and its preparation
[4] ZHANG C P (张呈平), QING F Y (庆飞要), JIA X Q (贾晓卿), et al.
method and application: CN114316909A[P]. 2022-04-12.
Synthesis and application of five-membered ring fluoride[J]. CIESC
Journal (化工学报) , 2020, 71(9): 3963-3978. [28] ZHANG C P (张呈平), GUO Q (郭勤), JIA X Q (贾晓卿), et al. The
[5] Information AD Knowledge Sharing. How is the "Internet celebrity" fluorine-containing heat transfer fluid with cyclic skeleton,
liquid-cooled data center realized?[N/OL]. 2022-04-02. http://news. preparation method and application thereof: CN112980396B[P].
sohu.com/a/534623802_121124371. 2022-04-12.
[6] Alibaba Cloud Infrastructure. Alibaba Cloud's first single-phase [29] BULINSKI M J, COSTELLO M G, OWENS J G. Fluorinated olefins
immersion liquid cooling solution is officially released![N/OL]. as working fluids and methods of using same: US20160312096A1[P].
2021-12-12. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/451243039. 2016-10-27.
[7] LIAO Y (廖洋). Qingdao "supercomputing" liquid cooling project is [30] SMITH S M, BULINSKI M J, COSTELLO M G, et al.
expected to be put into operation in October this year[N]. China Perfluoroaminoolefins and methods of making and using the same:
Science Journal (中国科学报), 2022-04-11. WO2019220293A1[P]. 2019-11-21.
[8] Guangdong Heyi (广东合一). The first spray liquid cooling data [31] SMITH S M, COSTELLO M G, HINTZER K, et al. Perfluorinated
center settled in the National Big Data Test Site[N/OL]. 2019-07-26. 1-alkoxypropenes, compositions, and methods and apparatuses for
http://www.qianjia.com/html/2019-07/26_345061.html. using same: WO2019116260A1[P]. 2019-06-20.
[9] HU H K (胡航空), YAO X D (姚希栋). Liquid cooling units and [32] PROKOP R A. Preparation of hexafluoropropene oligomers:
servers including liquid cooling units: CN111918527A[P]. 2020- CN1095367A[P]. 1993-10-19.