Page 18 - 《精细化工》2022年第3期

·440· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 39 卷

对复杂且需要外加能量消耗，尤其是对于高沸点、 graphene aerogel with applications for selective oil absorption[J].
Langmuir, 2020, 36(45): 13698-13707.
高沸点油品的回收。物理机械挤压法再生石墨烯基
[2] MENG Y, LIU T L, YU S S, et al. A lignin-based carbon aerogel
气凝胶不仅操作简单、能耗低，而且挤出的油品可 enhanced by graphene oxide and application in oil/water separation
[J]. Fuel, 2020, 278: 118376.
以回收利用，是一种非常有前途的吸附再生方法，
[3] GE J, ZHAO H Y, ZHU H W, et al. Advanced for oil-spill cleanup:
但此法对材料的性能要求较高，材料需具有较高的 Recent advances and future perspectives[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016,
弹性和较强的机械性能。对石墨烯基气凝胶吸附的 28(47): 10459-10490.
[4] ZHOU J, DU E H, HE Y, et al. Preparation of carbonized kapok
工业化油品来说，利用常压干燥法制备高光热转换 fiber/reduced graphene oxide aerogel for oil-water separation[J].
效率、高弹性和强机械性能的石墨烯基气凝胶，再 Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2020, 43: 2418-2427.
[5] SHI X, RANELLONE R T, SEZER H, et al. Influence of ullage to
通过物理机械挤压再生气凝胶和回收油品将是未来 cavity size ratio on in-situ burning of oil spills in ice-infested water
研究探索的方向。 [J]. Cold Regions Science & Technology, 2017, 140: 5-13.
[6] CHEN Y, LIN J J, CHEN Z L. Remediation of water contaminated
with diesel oil using acoupled process: Biological degradation
4 结束语与展望 followed by heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation[J]. Chemosphere,
2017, 183: 286- 293.
石墨烯基气凝胶是由二维石墨烯片层组装成的 [7] PUNZI M, ANBALAGAN A, BOMER R A, et al. Degradation of a
textile azo dye using biological treatment followed by photo-Fenton
三维宏观材料，因孔隙率高、比表面积大、密度低、 oxidation: Evaluation of toxicity and microbial community structure
机械性能强等特点在油水分离领域具有广阔的应用 [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 270: 290-299.
[8] XU W J, ZHANG W S, LI Y, et al. Adsorption of methyl orange dye
前景，已成为当今研究的热点之一。本文综述了石 from aqueous solutions by acrylic composite resin chemically modified
墨烯基气凝胶的结构设计、组装及干燥方法的最新 with calcium lignosulphonate[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2016, (3):
307-314.
研究进展，总结了其对水中油类污染物吸附的影响
[9] THINES R K, MUBARAK N M, NIZAMUDDIN S, et al. Application
因素及材料再生策略。尽管在探索石墨烯基气凝胶 potential of carbon nanomaterials in water and wastewater treatment:
的合成方法及其在油水分离中的应用方面已经取得 A review[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,
2017, 72: 116-133.
了显著进展，但仍存在一些值得进一步研究的问题 [10] MAULION R V, ABACAN S A, ALLORDE G G, et al. Oil spill
和挑战。 adsorption capacity of activated carbon tablets from corncobs in
simulated oil-water mixture[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary
（1）近年来，石墨烯基气凝胶的制备工艺正在 Research, 2015, 3: 146-151.
逐步优化、应用领域也更加广泛，但在材料成型干 [11] GU J C, XIAO P, ZHANG L, et al. Construction of superhydrophilic
and under-water superoleophobic carbon-based membranes for water
燥的过程中，制备高吸油性能的石墨烯基气凝胶往 purification[J]. RSC Adv, 2016, 6(77): 73399-73403.
往还是离不开传统的超临界干燥和真空冷冻干燥； [12] OLUFEMI B A, OTOLORINT F. Comparative adsorption of crude
oil using mango (mangnifera indica) shell and mango shell activated
而且对其组装过程的理解还不够深入，性能的调控 carbon[J]. Environmental Engineering Research, 2017, 22(4): 384-392.
手段还有待进一步提高。如何进一步提高石墨烯基 [13] CHEN X W, HONG L, XU Y F, et al. Ceramic pore channels with
气凝胶的性能、降低制备成本、开发出易于规模化 inducted carbon nanotubes for removing oil from water[J]. ACS
Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012, 4(4): 1909-1918.
生产的方法仍具有很大的挑战。 [14] ROGEL E, MOIR M E, HURT M, et al. Asphaltene and maltene
（2）目前，石墨烯基气凝胶应用于油品吸附的 adsorption into graphene[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2019, 33(10): 9538-
9545.
研究主要集中在对轻质纯油品的吸附，而对高黏度 [15] ZHAO D, YU L, LIU D X. Ultralight graphene/carbon nanotubes
稠油和乳化油的吸附研究（尤其是乳化油的吸附） aerogels with compressibility and oil absorption properties[J].
Materials, 2018, 11(4): 641-651.
较少，但实际生活中要处理的油品更多的是高黏度 [16] LI N (李娜), FENG Y (封严). Preparation of graphene modified melt-
稠油和乳化油。因此，未来石墨烯基气凝胶的设计 blown polypropylene nonwovens and their adsorption properties[J].
Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2018, 35(8): 29-33.
要着重考虑导电性、导热性、孔径大小以及亲疏水 [17] ZHANG S, TIAN L D, CHEN X H, et al. Ultralight graphene/carbon
性调控以用于吸附高黏度稠油和乳化油。 nanofibers/carbon nanotubes aerogels with thermal insulating and
hot-oil adsorption performance[J]. Journal of Materials Science,
（3）石墨烯基气凝胶对油品的吸附还处于实验
2021, 56: 7409-7419.
室研究阶段，研究人员进行油品吸附时侧重于吸附 [18] LEE C, WEI X, KYSAR J W, et al. Measurement of the elastic
properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J]. Science,
单一类型的油、低黏度的轻质油。然而，实际的水
2008, 321(5887): 385-388.
环境中常含有各种盐分、抗生素、重金属离子等多种 [19] BOLOTIN K I, SIKES K J, JIANG Z, et al. Ultrahigh electron
组分，这会严重影响石墨烯基气凝胶对油品的吸附， mobility in suspended graphene[J]. Solid State Communications,
2008, 146: 351-355.
若能设计开发具有抗污染性能的石墨烯基气凝胶将 [20] NAIR R R, BLAKE P, GRIGORENKO A N, et al. Fine structure
对其商业化油水分离应用具有非常重要的意义。 constant defines visual transparency of graphene[J]. Science, 2008,
320(5881): 1308.
[21] WANG J, CHEN B L, XING B S. Wrinkles and folds of activated
参考文献： graphene nanosheets as fast and efficient adsorptive sites for
[1] DAI C L, SUN W, XU Z Z, et al. Assembly of ultralight dual network hydrophobic organic contaminants[J]. Environmental Science &