Page 239 - 《精细化工》2023年第3期
P. 239
第 3 期 吴丰田,等: 羧酸离子液体/氧气催化氧化芳甲醇 ·695·
苯甲醇亚甲基氢与羟基氢,协同作用使苯甲醇转化 醇发生氧化反应。通过优化离子液体种类、O 2 压力、
为中间体Ⅲ;随后,在 O 2 作用下,中间体Ⅲ迅速脱 温度、反应时间和离子液体用量等,确立了反应的
氢转化为苯甲醛Ⅱa。 适宜条件为:苯甲醇(54 mg, 0.5 mmol)、[EMIm][OAc]
2.4 反应底物普适性 (85 mg, 0.5 mmol)、O 2 压力为 0.20 MPa、温度为
在适宜反应条件下,对底物的普适性进行了考 130 ℃、时间为 12 h。该方法实现了苯甲醛Ⅱa 的
察,结果见表 2。 克级规模制备和 20 种芳甲醛(酮)的高效合成。本
研究提出了离子液体[EMIm][OAc]通过阴离子作用
表 2 芳甲醛(酮)的合成 ① 于苯甲醇,经 O 2 氧化、脱水得到苯甲醛的反应机理。
①
Table 2 Synthesis of aromatic formaldehyde (ketone) 该方法可为芳甲醛(酮)类化合物的绿色合成提供
序号 产物 产率/% 理论依据,具有潜在的工业应用前景。
1 苯甲醛(Ⅱa) 90
2 对甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅱb) 94 参考文献:
3 3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅱc) 95 [1] WU X P (吴小平). Study on production of benzaldehyde and benzoic
4 对叔丁基苯甲醛(Ⅱd) 92 acid and synthesis of jet fuel range biofuels using biomass[D].
5 间甲基苯甲醛(Ⅱe) 84 Heifei: University of Science and Technology of China (中国科技大学),
2017.
6 3,5-二甲基苯甲醛(Ⅱf) 82
[2] KAWASAKI S, KEIGO K, MICHIKAZU H. Dioxygen activation by
7 邻甲基苯甲醛(Ⅱg) 62 a hexagonal SrMnO 3 perovskite catalyst for aerobic liquid-phase
8 对氟苯甲醛(Ⅱh) 86 oxidation [J]. ChemCatChem, 2016, 8(20): 3247-3253.
9 对氯苯甲醛(Ⅱi) 82 [3] HOSSEINI-SARVARI M, AKRAMI Z. Visible-light assisted of nano
Ni/g-C 3N 4 with efficient photocatalytic activity and stability for
10 对溴苯甲醛(Ⅱj) 81
selective aerobic C—H activation and epoxidation[J]. Journal of
11 1-萘甲醛(Ⅱk) 83
Organometallic Chemistry, 2020, 928: 121549.
12 对腈基苯甲醛(Ⅱl) 72 [4] SONG Q, FENG Q, ZHOU M. Copper-catalyzed oxidative
13 对硝基苯甲醛(Ⅱm) 70 decarboxylative arylation of benzothiazoles with phenylacetic acids
14 4-吡啶甲醛(Ⅱn) 66 and α-hydroxyphenylacetic acids with O 2 as the sole oxidant[J].
Organic Letters, 2013, 15(23): 5990-5993.
15 2-呋喃甲醛(Ⅱo) 65
[5] FALLAHNEZHAD S, AMOOZADEH A. Magnetic field-assisted
16 对乙炔基苯甲醛(Ⅱp) 68 photochemical oxidation of benzyl alcohol to corresponding aldehydes by
17 二苯甲酮(Ⅱq) 96 introducing TiO 2(P 25)-ZnO/Fe as a novel nanophotocatalyst[J].
3+
18 4,4'-二溴二苯甲酮(Ⅱr) 92 Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2021, 68(11): 2085-2092.
19 4,4'-二氨基二苯甲酮(Ⅱs) 90 [6] MOZINA S, JERNEJ I. Aerobic oxidation of secondary alcohols with
nitric acid and iron (Ⅲ) chloride as catalysts in fluorinated alcohol
20 4-氨基二苯甲酮(Ⅱt) 87
[J]. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019, 84(22): 14579-14586.
①反应条件:芳甲醇(0.5 mmol)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑乙 [7] BARUAH D, HUSSAIN F L, SURI M, et al. Bi(NO 3) 3•5H 2O and
酸盐(85 mg, 0.5 mmol)、O 2 压力(0.20 MPa)、反应温度 130 ℃、 cellulose mediated Cu-NPs—A highly efficient and novel catalytic
system for aerobic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyls and synthesis
反应时间 12 h。
[8] of DFF from HMF[J]. Catalysis Communications, 2016, 77: 9-12.
ZHANG S F, MIAO C X, XU D Q, et al. CuI/N 4 ligand/TEMPO
如表 2 所示,取代苯甲醇类及二苯甲醇反应物 derivatives: A mild and highly efficient system for aerobic oxidation
均可发生反应,得到相应产物。对位给电子基团取 of primary alcohols[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2014, 35(11):
1864-1873.
代苯甲醇可高效发生氧化反应,如产物Ⅱb、Ⅱc、 [9] STEINHOFF B A, GUZEI I A, STAHL S S. Mechanistic characterization
Ⅱd 的产率分别为 94%、95%、92%(序号 2~4); of aerobic alcohol oxidation catalyzed by Pd(OAc) 2/pyridine
including identification of the catalyst resting state and the origin of
对位吸电子基团取代苯甲醇反应活性较低,如对腈
nonlinear catalyst dependence[J]. Journal of the American Chemical
基苯甲醛(Ⅱl)、对硝基苯甲醛(Ⅱm)产率分别为 Society, 2004, 126(36): 11268-11278.
72%、70%(序号 12、13)。由于空间位阻影响,间 [10] CHEN Z, XU J, REN Z, et al. High efficient photocatalytic selective
oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by solvothermal-
甲基苯甲醇反应活性远高于邻甲基苯甲醇,产物Ⅱ synthesized ZnIn 2S 4 microspheres under visible light irradiation [J].
e、Ⅱg 产率分别为 84%、62%(序号 5、7)。此外, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2013, 205: 134-141.
[11] ZHANG G S, SHI Z Q, CHEN M F, et al. Ammonium chlorochromate
在最优条件下,1-萘甲醇可被顺利氧化为 1-萘甲醛 adsorbed on silica gel: A new reagent for the oxidation of alcohols
(Ⅱk)(序号 11);杂环类甲醇亦可被氧化生成相 and benzoins to corresponding carbonyl compounds[J]. Synthetic
Comunications, 1997, 27(21): 3691-3696.
应 的产物 (序 号 14 、 15 )。 综上可 知,体 系
[12] TANG S, BAKER G A, ZHAO H. Critical ether- and alcohol-
[EMIm][OAc]/O 2 对反应底物有广泛的普适性,对多 functionalized task-specific ionic liquids: Attractive properties and
种官能团有强的耐受性。 applications[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2012, 41(10): 4030- 4066.
[13] MIAO C X, HE L N, WANG J Q, et al. TEMPO and carboxylic acid
functionalized imidazolium salts/sodium nitrite: An efficient, reusable,
3 结论 transition metal-free catalytic system for aerobic oxidation of alcohols[J].
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 2009, 351(13): 2209- 2216.
以 O 2 为氧化剂,[EMIm][OAc]可高效催化芳甲 [14] HIRASHITA T, NAKANISHI M, UCHIDA T, et al. Ionic TEMPO in