Page 84 - 《精细化工》2023年第3期

第 40 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.40, No.3
20 23 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2023

综论
基于冰模板法构筑孔道结构的合成策略及研究进展

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赵 峰 ，刘 静 ，林 琳 ，张 健 ，时君友
（1. 北华大学 吉林省木质材料科学与工程重点实验室，吉林 吉林 132013；2. 北华大学 理学院，吉林
吉林 132013）
摘要：冰模板法也称为定向冷冻法或冷冻铸造法，具有微观结构可调控性强、原料适用范围广、可制备大尺寸
材料等优势，被广泛应用于定向调控陶瓷、聚合物、金属和碳材料等材料的制备领域。探讨冰模板法控制功能
纳米材料组装成分级多孔复合材料的影响机制，解析冰模板法与其他材料的加工工艺的相互作用关系，对改善
材料性能和开发新材料具有重要意义。该文阐述了冰模板法制备多尺度复杂仿生结构材料的基本原理、合成策
略以及孔隙调控作用，并以冰晶成核和生长为重点，总结了冰模板法对孔道结构进行调控的措施。此外，还介
绍了冰模板法辅助构造孔几何形状（0D、1D、2D 和 3D 宏观结构），以及组装成块状物体（微球、纤维、薄膜
和整体）。最后分析了复合材料的微观结构和宏观形貌的相关性，总结了不同冷冻过程对孔道结构的影响机制，
并展望了该领域未来的发展方向。
关键词：冰模板法；仿生；功能纳米材料；孔道结构；多尺度
中图分类号：TQ127.11；TM912 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2023) 03-0540-13

Synthesis strategy and research progress of pore
structure by the ice-templating method

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ZHAO Feng , LIU Jing , LIN Lin , ZHANG Jian , SHI Junyou
（1. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Materials Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin,
China; 2. School of Science, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin, China）
Abstract: Ice-templating method, also known as directional freezing or freeze-casting method, has been
widely used in the preparation of directionally controlled ceramics, polymers, metals, and carbon materials
because of its advantages of strong controllability of microstructure, wide range of raw materials, and the
ability for large-scale material production. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the impact
mechanisms of ice-templating method on controlling functional nanomaterials for composite material
assembly, and the interaction relationship of ice-templating method with other materials′ processing
methodologies for material properties improvement and new material development. Herein, the fundamental
principles, synthesis strategies and pore regulation of multi-scale complex bionic structural materials
prepared by ice-templating method were described. The measures for pore structure control of ice-
templating method, especially the nucleation and growth of ice crystals, were also summarized, followed by
discussions on the assisted pore geometry (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D macrostructures), as well as, larger bulk
objects (microspheres, fibers, films, and monoliths) construction by ice-templating method. Finally, the
correlation between the microstructure and macro-morphology of the composites was analyzed, the
influence mechanism of different freezing processes on the pore structure was highlighted, and the future
development directions in this field was prospected.
Key words: ice-templating method; bionic; functional nanomaterials; pore structure; multi-scale

收稿日期：2022-06-20; 定用日期：2022-09-27; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220569
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（32001260、12104015）；吉林省科技发展计划项目（20210203171SF）；北华大学研究生创新计划项目
（北华研创合字【2022】011）
作者简介：赵 峰（1996—），男，硕士生，E-mail：vampire6021@163.com。联系人：林 琳（1989—），女，副教授，E-mail：
linlin_beihua@126.com。