Page 89 - 《精细化工》2023年第6期

第 40 卷第 6 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.40, No.6
20 23 年 6 月 FINE CHEMICALS June 2023

综论
层状双金属氢氧化物吸附剂的功能化改性策略

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蒋柱武 ，吴梦帆 ，李登胜 ，史安童 ，姚 宁 ，李 妍
（1. 福建工程学院 生态环境与城市建设学院，福建 福州 350118；2. 福建省东升鸿工程建设有限公司，
福建 龙岩 364102）
摘要：层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）是一类阴离子交换能力强、可调性好、热稳定性高、活性位点丰富的纳米
吸附材料，在水中污染物的吸附去除方面呈现出巨大潜力。然而，官能团和结构组分的缺陷严重限制了原始 LDHs
的吸附性能和应用范围。利用不同改性策略对 LDHs 进行功能化处理，能显著增强 LDHs 的污染物吸附容量、
选择性、稳定性、可回收性以及适用范围。该文从 LDHs 吸附水中污染物性能的优化出发，重点综述了当前常
用的插层、表面修饰、煅烧、复合组装、包埋、制膜等 LDHs 功能化改性策略，总结了其与水中各种污染物（无
机非金属阴离子、重金属离子、染料以及抗生素）之间的作用机理。此外，还阐述了相应的再生手段。最后，
提出了功能化 LDHs 吸附剂的优势以及未来研究可能面临的障碍，并对其广阔的应用前景进行了展望。
关键词：层状双金属氢氧化物；吸附；改性策略；作用机理；再生手段
中图分类号：TQ424；X52 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2023) 06-1239-14

Functional modification strategies of layered double-metal hydroxide adsorbents

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JIANG Zhuwu , WU Mengfan , LI Dengsheng , SHI Antong , YAO Ning , LI Yan
（1. School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118,
Fujian, China; 2. Fujian Dongsheng Hong Engineering Construction Co., Ltd., Longyan 364102, Fujian, China）
Abstract: Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a kind of anionic adsorption materials with strong anion
exchange capacity, good adaptability, high thermal stability, and rich active sites, show great potential in
the adsorption and removal of pollutants in water. However, the defects in functional groups and structural
components severely limit the adsorption performance and application range of pristine LDHs.
Functionalization of LDHs with different modification strategies can significantly enhance the pollutant
adsorption capacity and selectivity, stability, recyclability, as well as application scope. Herein, based on
the performance optimization of LDHs for the treatment of pollutants in wastewater, the commonly used
functional modification strategies of LDHs, such as intercalation, surface modification, calcination,
composite assembly, entrapment, and membrane preparation were specifically discussed. Furthermore, the
interaction mechanism between functionalized LDHs and various pollutants (inorganic non-metallic anions,
heavy metal ions, organic dyes, and antibiotic) in wastewater was summarized, and the regeneration
methods of functionalized LDHs were described. Finally, the advantages and possible problems of
functionalized LDHs adsorbents were pointed out and their broad application potential was prospected.
Key words: layered double-metal hydroxides; adsorption; modification strategies; interaction mechanism;
regeneration methods

水是一切生命赖以生存的基本需求，但随着城 种有机和无机污染物的出现不仅破坏了现有的水生
[1]
市化建设规模的不断扩大以及工农业的迅猛发展， 生态环境，而且还引发了大量危害人体健康的问题 。
频繁的生产活动导致大量污染物进入自然水体，各 近几十年来，开发出来各种物理、化学和生物方法

收稿日期：2022-09-13; 定用日期：2022-12-08; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220846
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51878171、52070043）；福建省自然科学基金（2021J05215）
作者简介：蒋柱武（1974—），男，教授，E-mail：jiangzhuwu@126.com。联系人：李 妍（1987—），女，副教授，E-mail：yanli_amy@
fjut.edu.cn。