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第 11 期 张璟琳,等: 杭白菊浸膏中香气活性成分分析 ·1913·
最高的为 β-石竹烯(6284.45±624.89 μg/g),其次是 Analysis of essentialoils extracted from hangzhou white
丁二酸二乙酯(3484.08±159.30 μg/g),α-姜黄烯 chrysanthemumby GC×GC/TOFMS [J]. ActaAgriculturaeJiangxi
(江西农业学报), 2010, (1): 106-108.
(569.83±18.84 μg/g),冰片(501.23±8.39 μg/g), [2] Chen Yu (陈玉), Lu Sheming (陆舍铭), Zhu Li (朱丽), et al.
乙酸冰片酯(286.86±24.77 μg/g),癸酸乙酯(198.69± Analysis of volatile compositions of hangzhou white
Chrysanthemum extract by GC-TOFMS[J]. Nat Prod Res Dev (天然
16.10 μg/g),(E)-β-金合欢烯(148.02±8.85 μg/g),
产物研究与开发), 2013, 25(4): 489-493.
樟脑(142.96±24.77 μg/g)。其中 FD 因子高的化合 [3] Hu L, Chen Z. Sesquiterpenoid alcohols from Chrysanthemum
物与含量高的化合物并不完全一致,这主要是因为 morifolium[J]. Phytochemistry, 1997, 44(7): 1287-1290.
[4] Choi H S, Kim G H. Volatile flavor composition of gamguk,
挥发性物质对风味的贡献不仅与含量有关,也与化
(Chrysanthemum indicum) flower essential oils[J]. Food Science &
合物的阈值有关。芳樟醇具有具有铃兰香气,在多 Biotechnology, 2011, 20(2): 319-325.
种植物中检测到,但其含量不高仅为 43.71 μg/g,这 [5] Erten E S, Cadwallader K R. Identification of predominant aroma
components of raw, dry roasted and oil roasted almonds[J]. Food
可能是因其阈值较低(0.0015 μg/g)。同样,异戊酸
Chemistry, 2017, 217: 244-253.
乙酯和己酸乙酯香气活性化合物的阈值也很低,分 [6] Baba R, Amano Y, Wada Y, et al. Characterization of the potent
别为 0.0002 和 0.0005 μg/g。苯乙酸乙酯有浓烈而甜 odorants contributing to the characteristic aroma of matcha by Gas
的蜂蜜香气,这种天然香气也在葡萄酒 [16] ,白酒 [18] Chromatography-Olfactometry techniques[J]. Journal of Agricultural
& Food Chemistry, 2017, 65: 2984-2989.
中被认为具有重要风味贡献。异戊酸在低浓度具有 [7] He Concong (何聪聪), Liu Mengya (刘梦雅), Liu Jianbin (刘建彬),
酒味、水果和乳酪样甜味的香气。α-松油醇被认为 et al. Analysis of volatile aroma component of fresh watermelon
juice by SPME and SAFE with GC-O-MS [J]. Science and
在水果中是具有怡人的香气,它不仅天然存在于水
Technology of Food Industry (食品工业科技), 2014, 35(2): 49-53.
果中,也是柠檬烯酸催化反应的副产物 [18] 。樟脑被 [8] Xie Zhanfang (谢占芳). Chemical components and antibacterial
[3]
认为是新鲜菊花中含量最多的化合物 ,但是其对 activity of essential oils from eight kinds of Chrysanthemum[D].
Henan University(河南大学), 2016.
香味的贡献并不突出,FD 因子为 9,这主要是因为
[9] Gang D R, Wang J, Dudareva N, et al. An investigation of the storage
樟脑的阈值较高(380 μg/g)。此外,其他一些重要 and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil[J]. Plant Physiol.
风味物质也对杭白菊浸膏的香气具有贡献,如 β-石 2001, 125(2): 539-555.
[10] Sun Baoguo (孙宝国), He Jian (何坚). Flavor chemistry and
竹烯具有丁香、木香、辛香、柑橘和草药的风味;
technology[M]. Chemical Industry Press(化学工业出版社), 2004:
丁二酸二乙酯具有苹果、依兰香气;冰片和樟脑具 249.
有樟脑味、木香;乙酸冰片酯具有木香和草药香; [11] Guan Yanli (官艳丽), Wang Yanjun (王燕军), Shi Lin (石琳), et al.
GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from Hangbaiju and
癸酸乙酯具有果香、酒香;(E)-β-金合欢烯具有药
Hanghuangju[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory (分析试验
草和青草香气。 室), 2007, 26(6): 77-80.
[12] Sun Yan (孙彦). Study on the aroma of hang white Chrysanthemum
3 结论 and longjing tea [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University (浙江大学),
2012.
本文主要采用 SPME 和 SAFE 两种前处理方法, [13] MengXiaohuan ( 孟小环 ). Study on the aroma of tea and
chrysanthemum [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University(浙江大学),
结合气质联机 GC-MS 对拓普杭白菊浸膏的挥发性 2007.
成分进行了分析,同时采用嗅闻仪 GC-O 和香气提 [14] Liu Qiang (刘强), Mao Deshou (冒德寿), Hou Chun (侯春), et al.
取物稀释分析对浸膏中的香味活性成分进行了分析 Analysis of treemoss concrete and absolute oil and its application in
tobacco flavoring [J]. Tobacco Science &Technology/Tobacco
研究。结果表明,两种前处理方法共检测出 119 种 Chemistry(烟草科技), 2005, (3): 18-21.
化合物,醇类 30 种,酸类 6 种,酯类 28 种,醛 4 [15] Li Fugao (李福高), Shao Qing (邵青), Li Fan (李凡), et al. Study on
种,酮 12 种,烃类 36 种,其他 3 种。单萜烯、倍 volatile compounds of chrysanthemum, other chrysanthemums and
wildchrysanthemum in different phenological periods [J]. Chinese
半萜烯类或他们的含氧衍生物为主要化合物,同时 Traditional and Herbal Drugs (中草药), 2008, 39(6): 831-833.
SAFE 较 SPME 法分析得到的化合物更多,更有优 [16] Zhang Yu (张昱). Study on the changes of aroma substances in
势。本实验共鉴定出 35 种香气活性成分,FD 因子 musalaisi wine by E-nose and GC-MS [D]. Tarim University(塔里木
大学), 2017.
较高的活性成分有芳樟醇(FD=2187)、异戊酸乙酯 [17] Sun Jinyuan (孙金沅), Gong Lili (宫俐莉), Liu Guoying (刘国英),
(FD=729)、苯乙酸乙酯(FD=729)、己酸乙酯 et al. Analysis of volatile compounds in fermented grains of Chinese
(FD=729)、α-石竹烯(FD=729)、异戊酸(FD=243)、 Gujinggong liquor by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation combined
with GC-MS and GC-O [J]. Food Science (食品科学), 2016, 37(24):
α-松油醇(FD=243)、α-蒎烯(FD=243)。
87-93.
[18] Clark B C, ChambleeT S. Acid-catalyzed reactions of citrus oils and
参考文献: other terpene-containing flavors[J]. Developments in Food Science,
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