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第 11 期                         张璟琳,等:  杭白菊浸膏中香气活性成分分析                                   ·1913·


            最高的为 β-石竹烯(6284.45±624.89 μg/g),其次是                    Analysis of essentialoils extracted from hangzhou white
            丁二酸二乙酯(3484.08±159.30  μg/g),α-姜黄烯                     chrysanthemumby GC×GC/TOFMS [J].  ActaAgriculturaeJiangxi
                                                                   (江西农业学报), 2010, (1): 106-108.
            (569.83±18.84 μg/g),冰片(501.23±8.39  μg/g),         [2]  Chen  Yu  (陈玉),  Lu Sheming (陆舍铭), Zhu Li (朱丽),  et al.
            乙酸冰片酯(286.86±24.77 μg/g),癸酸乙酯(198.69±                  Analysis  of  volatile  compositions  of  hangzhou  white
                                                                   Chrysanthemum extract by GC-TOFMS[J]. Nat Prod Res Dev (天然
            16.10 μg/g),(E)-β-金合欢烯(148.02±8.85 μg/g),
                                                                   产物研究与开发), 2013, 25(4): 489-493.
            樟脑(142.96±24.77  μg/g)。其中 FD 因子高的化合                [3]   Hu L, Chen Z. Sesquiterpenoid alcohols from  Chrysanthemum
            物与含量高的化合物并不完全一致,这主要是因为                                 morifolium[J]. Phytochemistry, 1997, 44(7): 1287-1290.
                                                               [4]   Choi H S, Kim G H. Volatile flavor composition  of gamguk,
            挥发性物质对风味的贡献不仅与含量有关,也与化
                                                                   (Chrysanthemum indicum) flower essential oils[J]. Food Science &
            合物的阈值有关。芳樟醇具有具有铃兰香气,在多                                 Biotechnology, 2011, 20(2): 319-325.
            种植物中检测到,但其含量不高仅为 43.71 μg/g,这                      [5]   Erten E S, Cadwallader K  R. Identification of predominant aroma
                                                                   components of raw, dry roasted and oil roasted almonds[J]. Food
            可能是因其阈值较低(0.0015 μg/g)。同样,异戊酸
                                                                   Chemistry, 2017, 217: 244-253.
            乙酯和己酸乙酯香气活性化合物的阈值也很低,分                             [6]   Baba R, Amano  Y, Wada  Y,  et al. Characterization of the potent
            别为 0.0002 和 0.0005 μg/g。苯乙酸乙酯有浓烈而甜                     odorants contributing to the characteristic aroma of matcha by Gas
            的蜂蜜香气,这种天然香气也在葡萄酒                   [16] ,白酒 [18]      Chromatography-Olfactometry techniques[J]. Journal of Agricultural
                                                                   & Food Chemistry, 2017, 65: 2984-2989.
            中被认为具有重要风味贡献。异戊酸在低浓度具有                             [7]   He Concong (何聪聪), Liu Mengya (刘梦雅), Liu Jianbin (刘建彬),
            酒味、水果和乳酪样甜味的香气。α-松油醇被认为                                et al. Analysis of  volatile aroma component of  fresh watermelon
                                                                   juice by SPME  and SAFE with  GC-O-MS [J]. Science and
            在水果中是具有怡人的香气,它不仅天然存在于水
                                                                   Technology of Food Industry (食品工业科技), 2014, 35(2): 49-53.
            果中,也是柠檬烯酸催化反应的副产物                   [18] 。樟脑被      [8]   Xie Zhanfang (谢占芳). Chemical components and antibacterial
                                              [3]
            认为是新鲜菊花中含量最多的化合物 ,但是其对                                 activity of essential oils from eight kinds of Chrysanthemum[D].
                                                                   Henan University(河南大学), 2016.
            香味的贡献并不突出,FD 因子为 9,这主要是因为
                                                               [9]   Gang D R, Wang J, Dudareva N, et al. An investigation of the storage
            樟脑的阈值较高(380 μg/g)。此外,其他一些重要                            and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil[J]. Plant Physiol.
            风味物质也对杭白菊浸膏的香气具有贡献,如 β-石                               2001, 125(2): 539-555.
                                                               [10] Sun  Baoguo  (孙宝国), He Jian (何坚). Flavor chemistry and
            竹烯具有丁香、木香、辛香、柑橘和草药的风味;
                                                                   technology[M]. Chemical Industry Press(化学工业出版社), 2004:
            丁二酸二乙酯具有苹果、依兰香气;冰片和樟脑具                                 249.
            有樟脑味、木香;乙酸冰片酯具有木香和草药香;                             [11]  Guan Yanli (官艳丽), Wang Yanjun (王燕军), Shi Lin (石琳), et al.
                                                                   GC-MS analysis of the essential oil from Hangbaiju and
            癸酸乙酯具有果香、酒香;(E)-β-金合欢烯具有药
                                                                   Hanghuangju[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory (分析试验
            草和青草香气。                                                室), 2007, 26(6): 77-80.
                                                               [12]  Sun Yan (孙彦). Study on the aroma of hang white Chrysanthemum
            3   结论                                                 and longjing tea [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University (浙江大学),
                                                                   2012.
                 本文主要采用 SPME 和 SAFE 两种前处理方法,                   [13] MengXiaohuan  ( 孟小环 ). Study on  the aroma of tea and
                                                                   chrysanthemum [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University(浙江大学),
            结合气质联机 GC-MS 对拓普杭白菊浸膏的挥发性                              2007.
            成分进行了分析,同时采用嗅闻仪 GC-O 和香气提                          [14]  Liu Qiang (刘强), Mao Deshou (冒德寿), Hou Chun (侯春), et al.
            取物稀释分析对浸膏中的香味活性成分进行了分析                                 Analysis of treemoss concrete and absolute oil and its application in
                                                                   tobacco flavoring [J].  Tobacco Science &Technology/Tobacco
            研究。结果表明,两种前处理方法共检测出 119 种                              Chemistry(烟草科技), 2005, (3): 18-21.
            化合物,醇类 30 种,酸类 6 种,酯类 28 种,醛 4                     [15]  Li Fugao (李福高), Shao Qing (邵青), Li Fan (李凡), et al. Study on
            种,酮 12 种,烃类 36 种,其他 3 种。单萜烯、倍                          volatile compounds of chrysanthemum, other chrysanthemums and
                                                                   wildchrysanthemum in different phenological periods [J]. Chinese
            半萜烯类或他们的含氧衍生物为主要化合物,同时                                 Traditional and Herbal Drugs (中草药), 2008, 39(6): 831-833.
            SAFE 较 SPME 法分析得到的化合物更多,更有优                        [16]  Zhang Yu (张昱). Study on the changes of aroma substances in
            势。本实验共鉴定出 35 种香气活性成分,FD 因子                             musalaisi wine by E-nose and GC-MS [D]. Tarim University(塔里木
                                                                   大学), 2017.
            较高的活性成分有芳樟醇(FD=2187)、异戊酸乙酯                         [17]  Sun Jinyuan (孙金沅), Gong Lili (宫俐莉), Liu Guoying (刘国英),
            (FD=729)、苯乙酸乙酯(FD=729)、己酸乙酯                            et al. Analysis of volatile compounds in fermented grains of Chinese
            (FD=729)、α-石竹烯(FD=729)、异戊酸(FD=243)、                    Gujinggong liquor by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation combined
                                                                   with GC-MS and GC-O [J]. Food Science (食品科学), 2016, 37(24):
            α-松油醇(FD=243)、α-蒎烯(FD=243)。
                                                                   87-93.
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            参考文献:                                                  other terpene-containing flavors[J]. Developments in Food Science,
            [1]   Lu Hongliang (鹿洪亮), Yu Jing (于静), Yang Bin(杨斌), et al.    1992, 28: 229−285.
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