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第 36 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.3
2019 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2019
表面活性剂
一种 pH 响应性氨基酸酸液起泡剂的合成与应用
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刘 佩 ,赖小娟 1,2 ,王 磊 1,2* ,汪 洁 ,马少云 ,苗 林
(1. 陕西科技大学 陕西省轻化工助剂重点实验室,陕西 西安 710021;2. 陕西农产品加工技术研究院,
陕西 西安 710021;3. 上海荆马化工有限责任公司,上海 201700;4. 西安长庆化工集团有限公司,陕
西 西安 710021)
摘要:以十二胺和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为原料,通过两步反应合成了一种 pH 响应性氨基酸两性表面活性剂——N-
月桂基-(α-甲基)-β-氨基丙酸钠(AAS-1)。采用单因素实验进行了反应条件优化,得出最优工艺条件为:n(十
二胺)∶n(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)=1.0∶1.4,反应温度为 60 ℃,反应时间为 10 h。以同样的方法合成了表面活性
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剂 N-月桂基-β-氨基丙酸钠(AAS)作对比实验。采用 FTIR 和 HNMR 对产物结构进行了表征,用表面张力仪
测定了不同 pH 下 AAS 和 AAS-1 的表面张力,得出表面张力曲线,并着重考察了 α-烷基对 AAS-1 表面活性的
影响。用 Waring Blender 法对 AAS 和 AAS-1 在不同 pH 下的泡沫性能进行了测定。结果表明:AAS 和 AAS-1
均具有 pH 响应性。受 α-烷基的影响,pH<7 时,AAS-1 的泡沫体积(V 0 )最高可达 523 mL,泡沫半衰期(t 1/2 )最高
可达 6.25 min;pH>7 时,AAS-1 的 V 0 <185 mL,t 1/2 <0.58 min,说明 AAS-1 在酸性水介质中,起泡能力强,泡
沫稳定性好;在碱性水介质中却可迅速消泡,与 AAS 的发泡规律恰好相反,且能反复起泡消泡,可用于泡沫酸
液体系中充当起泡剂。
关键词:pH 响应性;泡沫酸;起泡剂;α-烷基;泡沫性能;表面活性剂
中图分类号:TQ423 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 03-0442-07
Synthesis and Application of a pH-Responsive Amino
Acid Acidizing Foaming Agent
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LIU Pei , LAI Xiao-juan , WANG Lei 1,2* , WANG Jie , MA Shao-yun , MIAO Lin
(1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021,
Shaanxi, China; 2. Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China;
3. Shanghai Jingma Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201700, China; 4. Xi'an Changqing Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: A pH-responsive amino acid amphoteric surfactant, N-lauryl-(α-methyl)-β-aminopropionate
(AAS-1) was synthesized by two-step reaction using dodecylamine and methyl methacrylate as raw
materials. The synthesis conditions were optimized by single factor experiments. The optimal synthesis
conditions were obtained as follows: molar ratio of dodecylamine to methyl methacrylate was 1.0∶1.4,
reaction temperature was 60 ℃, and reaction time was 10 h. For comparison, N-lauryl-β- aminopropionate
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(AAS) was prepared in the same way. The structures of products were characterized by FTIR and HNMR.
The surface tensions of AAS and AAS-1 at different pH were measured by surface tension meter, and the
surface tension curves were achieved. Furthermore, the effect of α-alkyl on the surface activity of AAS-1
was investigated. Foam properties of AAS and AAS-1 at different pH were tested by Waring Blender
method. The results showed that both AAS and AAS-1 had pH responsiveness. Due to the influence of
α-alkyl, when pH<7, AAS-1 had a foam volume (V 0) of up to 523 mL and a foam half-life (t 1/2) of up to
6.25 min, but when pH>7, V 0<185 mL, t 1/2<0.58 min. This means that, in the acidic aqueous medium,
AAS-1 has good foaming ability and good foam stability but can exhibit quick defoaming ability in alkaline
收稿日期:2018-07-08; 定用日期:2018-10-17; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180504
基金项目:陕西省青年科技新星项目(2018KJXX-023);陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(17JS012);西安市科技计划项目(2017068CG)
作者简介:刘 佩(1995—),女,硕士生。联系人:王 磊(1981—),男,教授,硕士生导师,电话:029-86168830,E-mail:
3578466@163.com。