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第 36 卷第 4 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.4
201 9 年 4 月 FINE CHEMICALS Apr. 2019

综论
氧化石墨烯的制备及形成机理

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侯永刚 1,2 ，吕生华 1,3* ，张 佳 ，罗潇倩 ，孙 立
〔1. 陕西科技大学 轻工科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710021；2. 西安工业大学 材料与化工学院，陕西
西安 710021；3. 轻化工程国家级实验教学示范中心（陕西科技大学），陕西 西安 710021〕

摘要：氧化石墨烯（GO）作为一种石墨烯衍生物，结构中含有大量羟基、环氧基、羧基和羰基等含氧官能团，
使其易与其他物质通过相互作用复合，从而提高和拓宽传统材料的性能及应用。GO 的结构和尺寸等性质会受石
墨氧化过程中制备方法、石墨来源、氧化剂种类、反应条件等因素的影响。针对 GO 的制备、形成机理、结构
控制等方面的研究逐渐引起科研工作者的重视。该文综述近几年有关 GO 的制备、方法改进、制备过程中涉及
到的化学反应和形成机理以及 GO 结构影响其宏观性能和应用的研究进展，指出确定 GO 的形成机理和精确控
制 GO 的结构是制约其应用的关键，从工业化生产和可持续性发展的角度对要拓宽和实现 GO 的应用存在的问
题及研究方向进行了总结和展望。
关键词：氧化石墨烯；制备；化学过程；机理；氧化
中图分类号：TB303 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 04-0559-09

Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Graphene Oxide

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HOU Yong-gang , LÜ Sheng-hua 1,3* , ZHANG Jia , LUO Xiao-qian , SUN Li
（1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China; 2. School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technologyical University,
Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China; 3. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering
Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO), as a graphene derivative, contains a large number of oxygen-containing
groups such as hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl and carbonyl. This makes it easy to interact with other
substances, which enhances and broadens the performance and application of traditional materials. The
structure, size and other properties of GO are affected by preparation method, graphite source, oxidant
type and reaction conditions in the oxidation process of graphite. The researches on the preparation,
formation mechanism and structure control of GO have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. In
this paper, the research progress in recent years on the preparation of GO, modified method GO
preparation, chemical reaction and formation mechanism involved in the preparation process, and the
influence of GO structure on its properties and applications are reviewed. It is pointed out that determining
the formation mechanism and precisely controlling the structure of GO are the key factors to restrict its
application. From the perspective of industrial production and sustainable development, the problems and
research directions of broadening and realizing the application of GO are summarized and forecasted.
Key words: graphene oxide; preparation; chemical processes; mechanism; oxidation
Foundation items: National Natural Science Foundation of China (21276152), Innovational Industrialization
Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2016KTCL01-14)

石墨烯是一种具有单层碳原子的片层材料 。 [1] 自 2004 年被英国曼彻斯特大学 Geim 课题组通过简

收稿日期：2018-08-10; 定用日期：2018-12-24; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180587
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（21276152）；陕西省科技统筹项目（2016KTCL01-14）
作者简介：侯永刚（1975—），男，博士生，E-mail: 147554561@qq.com。联系人：吕生华（1963—），男，教授，E-mail: lvsh@sust.edu.cn。