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·1156· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 36 卷

NO was enhanced markedly to mediate inflammation significantly inhibit the LPS-induced oversecretion of
when stimulated by immunomodulators such as LPS [33] . TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells.
RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with the
indicated concentrations (50~ 400 mg/L) of FMTs for 4. Conclusion
12 h prior to the LPS (1 mg/L) treatment. As shown in
Fig.7A, the level of NO was significantly reduced A method for the preparative separation and
after treatment with over 100 mg/L FMTs compared to purification of total flavonoids from the extracts of
the control group (treated with LPS only). The results Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes leaves with
indicated that FMTs could significantly inhibit the macroporous resins has been successfully established
LPS-induced overproduction of NO in RAW 264.7 in the present study. The static adsorption and
cells. desorption characteristics of twelve widely used
3.9.3 Effect of FMTs on the LPS-induced macroporous resins for FMTs were evaluated. Among
overproduction of IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells the twelve conventional macroporous resins investigated,
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as AB-8 resin was selected due to its better adsorption
both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti- capacity and ratio of desorption. The equilibrium
inflammatory myokine. IL-6 stimulates the experimental data of the adsorption of the total
inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many flavonoids on AB-8 resin at 25, 30 and 45 ℃ were
diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid well-fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.
arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease [34] . To investigate An optimal pH of approximately 4 was selected for the
further, the inhibitory effect of FMTs on the feeding solution. After dynamic adsorption and
macrophage inflammatory response, the level of IL-6 desorption on AB-8 resin, the optimum adsorption
in RAW 264.7 cells was measured after treatment with process for flavonoid compounds could be performed
LPS and FMTs. As shown in Fig.7B, the LPS-induced with a concentration of 1.247 g/L at a feeding speed of
oversecretion of IL-6 was significantly reduced with 2 BV/h. Twenty percent ethanol solution was used as
the increase in FMT concentration. This result the favourable strippant at an eluting speed of 2 BV/h.
indicated that FMTs could inhibit the LPS-induced The total flavonoids were obtained from the eluate of
IL-6 generation during the inflammatory response. 20% (volume fraction) aqueous ethanol by vacuum
3.9.4 Effect of FMTs on the LPS-induced distillation recovery.
overproduction of IL-1β in RAW 264.7 cells After one run treatment with AB-8 resin, the
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a member of the content of total flavonoids in the extracts of Malus
interleukin 1 family of cytokines. Activated toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes leaves was increased
macrophages produce this cytokine as a proprotein, 1.80-fold from 32.79% (mass fraction) to 59.18%
which is proteolytically processed to its active form by (mass fraction) with a recovery yield of 91.45%. These
caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). It is an important mediator of results of the anti-inflammatory effect evaluation of
the inflammatory response and is involved in a variety FMTs showed that it could significantly inhibit the
of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, LPS-induced NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α release in
differentiation, and apoptosis [35] . The effect of FMTs vitro compared with the control group in a dose-
on IL-1β secretion is shown in Fig.7C, and the level of dependent fashion. The results will help with the
IL-1β was significantly reduced after treatment with development of plant resources and the application in
over 50 mg/L FMTs compared to the control group. the food and pharmaceutical industries.
The results indicated that FMTs could significantly
inhibit the LPS-induced oversecretion of IL-1β in 5. Conflict of Interest
RAW 264.7 cells.
3.9.5 Effect of FMTs on the LPS-induced None of the authors has personal or financial
overproduction of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells conflict of interest.
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) is a cell signalling
protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation References:
and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute [1] Wang Haiying (王海英), Xu Qing (徐庆), Fan Gaoqiang (樊高强), et
phase reaction. TNF, an endogenous pyrogen, can al. Progress in the study of Malus toringoides and its Application
induce fever, apoptotic cell death, cachexia, and Prospect [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报),
inflammation and can inhibit tumourigenesis and viral 2009, 25(23): 155-160.
replication and respond to sepsis via IL-1- and IL-6- [2] Wang Daoqing (王道清), Li Min (李敏), Shi Wanyin (石万银).
producing cells [36] . As shown in Fig.7D, the control Resource survey and pharmacognosy research on Zang medicine
cell group (treated with LPS only) secreted a large “ESe” [J]. Pharmacy and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica(中药与
临床), 2011, 2(3): 14-16.
amount of TNF-α, while in the FMTs treatment group, [3] Zeng Jun (曾俊), Yang Ruishan (杨瑞山), Cai Xiaoyang (蔡晓洋),
the level of TNF-α decreased in a dose-dependent et al. Hepatoprotective effects of Ese ye extract on acute alcoholic
manner. The results indicated that FMTs could liver damage in mice [J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry