Page 167 - 精细化工2019年第9期
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第 9 期                            徐金雷,等:  尼卡巴嗪的合成工艺改进                                    ·1895·


                 表 4    工业化生产的尼卡巴嗪收率和检测结果                          Qiuchongjing (nicarbazin)[J]. Poultry Science (家禽科学), 1991, (1):
             Table 4    Yields and testing results of industrial nicarbazin   25-28.
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              生产     尼卡          HDP 质量  DNC 质量
                           收率/%                    熔点/℃            Analysis of clinical effects of several coccidiostat[J]. Livestock and
              批次    巴嗪/kg         分数/%    分数/%                     Poultry Industry (畜禽业), 2016, (7): 13.
             170913   430   92.87   28.35   71.10   262.2~264.4  [6]   Zhao Biqian (赵必迁). Chicken coccidiostat under the new situation
                                                                   of prevention and cure[J]. Poultry Science (家禽科学), 2018, (10):
             170914   436   94.17   28.78   70.30   261.0~262.8
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             170915   441   95.25   29.10   69.55   260.5~262.5
                                                               [7]   Nie Yan (聂严), Chen Yanling (陈燕玲). Studies on the structure of
             170916   432   93.30   28.33   70.75   262.0~263.5    nicarbazin  Ⅰ[J].  Chinese  Journal  of  Veterinary  Drug  (中国兽药杂
             170917   428   92.44   28.25   71.30   263.2~264.6    志) , 1998, 32(1): 13-15.
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                 如表 4 所示,5 批大生产的平均收率达 92%以                         al.  Study  on  the  application  and  synthesis  of  nicarbazin  [J].  Hubei
                                                                   Chemical Industry (湖北化工), 1991, (1): 21-24.
            上,产品符合《兽药质量标准》规定,和文献[8]中                           [9]   Peng Yaowu (彭要武), Tian Wenjing (田文敬), Zhu Zhengyu (朱正
            80%收率相比有较大提高。制备 DNC 和 HDP 的工                           宇 ).  Preparation  method  of  nicarbazin  midbody  4,  4'-binitro
                                                                   sym-diphenylurea: CN101914042A[P]. 2010-12-15.
            艺方便进行监测,投料比和理论量接近,浪费少,                             [10]  Wang Daoquan (王道全), Zhang Tao (张涛), Chen Fuheng (陈馥衡),
            所以产品中各组分的含量都容易得到有效控制,和                                 et al.  Process  of  direct  synthesis  of  4,  4’-dinitro-diphenyl  urea:
                                                                   CN1033179A[P]. 1989-05-31.
            一锅法相比产品质量更稳定。
                                                               [11]  Jin Meirong (金美荣).  Preparation  method  of  4,  4'-dinitrosym-
                                                                   diphenylurea: CN1075139A[P]. 1993-08-11.
            3   结论                                             [12]  Yuan Baoqing (袁宝青), Wang Jianfang (王建芳), Wang Shuhuai (王
                                                                   树槐),  et al.  Method  for  preparing  nicarbazin  through  one-pot
                 (1)以对硝基苯胺和三光气为原料合成了                               process: CN103288683A[P]. 2013-09-11.
                                                               [13]  Wang Daoquan (王道全), Liang Xiaomei (梁晓梅), Wu Jingping (吴
            DNC,讨论了溶剂种类、温度、时间和投料比对反
                                                                   景平). Process for preparing 4, 4'-dinitro diphenyl urea: CN1463965A
            应的影响,优化了工艺,以二甲苯为溶剂,n(三光                                [P]. 2003-12-31.
            气)∶n(对硝基苯胺)=1∶6 时,130  ℃下反应 15 h,                  [14]  Li  Z,  Wang  Z  Y,  Zhu  W,  et al.  CeCl 3·7H 2O-KI-Catalyzed,
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            DNC 收率为 94%。                                           water  under  microwave  irradiation[J].  Synthetic  Communications,
                 (2)以尿素和乙酰丙酮为原料,以 DNC 合成                           2005, 35(17): 2325-2331.
            中收集的氯化氢甲醇溶液为溶剂合成了 HDP,讨论                           [15]  Hale  W.  The  constitution  of  acetylacetion-urea[J].  Journal of  the
                                                                   American Chemical Society, 1914, 36(1): 104-115.
            了反应时间和投料比对收率的影响,优化了工艺,                             [16]  Kosolapoff G, Roy C. Synthesis of some pyrimidylphosphonates[J].
            以氯化氢甲醇溶液为溶剂,n(乙酰丙酮)∶n(尿素)=                             Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1961, 26(6): 1895-1898.
                                                               [17]  Vlád  G,  Horváth  I.  Improved  synthesis  of  2,  2’-bipyrimidine[J].
            1.0∶1.1,加热回流反应 5 h,以 92%以上的收率合
                                                                   Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2002, 67(18): 6550-6552.
            成 HDP。                                             [18]  Zheng Zhizhan (郑之詹), Zhang Yan (张延), Fu Xiaoming (付晓明).
                 (3)直接以 HDP 的甲醇溶液与 DNC 反应合成                        Production  of  2-hydroxy-4,  6-dimethyl  pyrimidine:  CN1042351A
                                                                   [P]. 1990-05-23.
            尼卡巴嗪,讨论了反应时间和投料比对收率的影响,                            [19]  Xu Tianhua (徐天华), Shi Zuding (施祖定), Chen Guicai (陈贵才).
            在以甲醇为溶剂,n(DNC)∶n(HDP)=1.0∶1.1,室温                       Method  for  synthesizing  2-hydroxyl-4,  6-dimethylpyrimidine:
            反应 5 h,以 93%的收率合成了尼卡巴嗪。与一锅法                            CN101279949A [P]. 2008-10-08.
                                                               [20]  Chinese Committee of Pharmacopoeia for Animal (中国兽药典委员
            相比,本文工艺能耗低,反应时间短。                                      会). Quality Criteria of Veterinary Drug (兽药质量标准): Chemical
                 综上,该工艺操作简便、收率高、三废少,适                              Drug Volume[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press (中国农业出版
                                                                   社), 2017: 63-64.
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