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第 37 卷第 10 期                            精   细   化   工                                 Vol.37, No.10
             2020 年 10 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Oct.    2020


              综论
                                基于天然多糖的绿色表面活性剂



                                                                *
                                             王善勇,项舟洋 ,祁海松
                               (华南理工大学  制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室,广东  广州    510640)


                 摘要:多糖分子结构具有两亲性,能够较好地吸附在相界面上并表现出改善固-液、液-液之间相容性的能力。此
                 外,多糖独特的理化结构使其在溶液中具有良好的流变学性质以及形成凝胶网络的能力,能够在较低表面活性
                 下体现出较好的界面吸附能力,常被用于多相体系的乳化、分散、增稠和稳定。化学改性可对天然多糖进行亲
                 水-疏水平衡,并赋予其一定的化学活性、表面电荷、流变性能等,能够获得性能更加优异的绿色大分子表面活
                 性剂。该文主要介绍了多糖在表面活性剂中的应用,主要包括纤维素、淀粉、半纤维素、甲壳素、天然树胶等,
                 并从多糖独特的理化性质、结构以及改性特点出发,剖析其对乳化、分散、破乳、增溶等表面活性作用的影响,
                 阐述多糖及其衍生物在表面活性剂中的研究进展及应用潜力。最后,指出非共价结合是一种具有很大发展潜力
                 的多糖表面活性增强手段。
                 关键词:多糖;表面活性剂;化学改性;两亲性;凝胶网络
                 中图分类号:TQ423                       文献标识码:A
                 文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 10-1965-12      开放科学 (资源服务)  标识码 (OSID):



                              Green surfactant based on natural polysaccharides

                                                                       *
                                      WANG Shanyong, XIANG Zhouyang , QI Haisong
                 (State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South  China University of  Technology, Guangzhou  510640,
                 Guangdong, China)


                 Abstract: Polysaccharides with amphiphilic molecular structure can be well adsorbed onto the multiphase
                 interface  and  have  the  ability  to  improve  the  compatibility  between  solid-liquid  and  liquid-liquid.  In
                 addition, the unique physicochemical structure of polysaccharides enables them to have good rheological
                 properties in solution and the ability to form gel networks, which can exhibit good interfacial adsorption
                 ability under low surface activity, and are often used to emulsify, disperse, thicken and stabilize multiphase
                 systems. Chemical modification can balance the hydrophilic-hydrophobic equilibrium of natural polysaccharides,
                 which gives them certain chemical activity, surface charge, rheological properties, etc., which can obtain
                 more  excellent  green  macromolecular  surfactants. The  application of naturally  abundant polysaccharides
                 such as cellulose, starch, hemicellulose, chitin and natural gum in surfactants is introduced. The effects of
                 chemical structures and modifications of polysaccharides on their emulsifying, dispersing, demulsifying,
                 solubilizing properties are analyzed. The research progress and application potential of polysaccharides and
                 their derivatives in surfactants are described. Finally, it is pointed out that noncovalent binding is a potential
                 method to enhance the surface activity of polysaccharides.
                 Key words: polysaccharide; surfactant; chemical modification; amphiphilicity; gel network


                 多糖是一种由 10 个以上单糖糖基单元通过糖                        苷键种类、支链结构等具有极大的多样性;此外,
            苷键连接而成的线型或支链型天然高分子,相对分                             多糖上的羟基常被乙酰基、氨基、甲基等基团取代,
                                                                                            [1]
            子质量(简称分子量)通常有数千到数百万不等;                             赋予了多糖分子独特的理化性质 。多糖是自然界
            根据种类与来源的不同,多糖的单糖单元组成、糖                             中储量最大的天然高分子,它广泛存在于高等动植


                 收稿日期:2020-04-10;  定用日期:2020-05-25; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200313
                 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31600470)
                 作者简介:王善勇(1996—),男,硕士生。联系人:项舟洋(1986—),男,副教授,E-mail:fezyxiang@scut.edu.cn。
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