Page 217 - 《精细化工》2020年第7期

第 7 期 孟艳芳，等: 一种防渗透硅烷纳米粒子/聚乳酸复合超疏水涂料
KH550 与聚乳酸、纤维素基质的氢键作用
另外，聚乳酸由于分子间的氢键赋予其较高的
刚性，在韧性上有一定的欠缺。为增加高分子材料
的韧性，一般采用加入增塑剂或防老化剂来调节高
分子链之间或内部的作用力。例如，陈昱
超疏水纸中，将 TEOS 和二丁基二月桂酸锡添加其
中，使其具有较好的耐候性和寿命。增塑剂一般为
小分子试剂，若添加量适当不会影响主体材料的降
解性。例如，吕平等 [38] 通过实验系统地研究了增塑
剂对 F-CS 乳液防水涂料耐低温性能的影响。增塑剂
添加量为 0~30%时，最低成膜温度（MCT）由 12 ℃
降低到–1 ℃，而不影响其他性能。
未来工作将系统研究增塑剂的用量对于涂料耐
候性的影响，不仅实现降解性与耐候性兼顾，且进
一步优化涂料的性能。
3 结论
通过简单易行的方法，制备了适于纤维素类产
品的疏水硅烷纳米粒子/聚乳酸复合防水涂料，不仅
实现了超疏水性（接触角 150°），而且制备方法简
单、环保，克服了其他防水涂料制备较为繁琐、不
环保的缺点。
（1）在一定范围内，接触角随着 HDTMS/TEOS
物质的量比及疏水硅烷纳米粒子用量的增加而增
加。接触角随着 KH550 用量的增加而下降。但
KH550 量太多会对疏水性造成负面影响。
（2）相对于单一疏水硅烷纳米粒子涂覆，疏水
硅烷纳米粒子/聚乳酸复合防水涂料的涂覆使得样
品的防渗透性大幅度提高。硅烷偶联剂用量对防渗
透性的影响最大，很大程度上提高了防渗透性；随
着硅烷纳米粒子用量的增加，防渗透性提高。
参考文献：
[1] ZHANG Y L, WANG J N, HE Y, et al. Solvothermal synthesis of
nanoporous polymer chalk for painting superhydrophobic surfaces[J].
·1499·
Langmuir, 2011, 27:12585-12590.
[2] LIU J, YE L, SUN Y, et al. Superhydrophobic and photocatalytic
active films used as blood repellent dressing[J]. Adv Mater, 2020, 32:
1908008.
[3] WENZEL R N. The surface roughness and contact angle[J]. J Ind
Eng Chem, 1936, 28: 988-994.
[4] CASSIE A B D, BAXTER S. Wettability of porous surfaces[J]. Trans
Faraday Soc, 1944, 40: 546-551.
[5] HANNU T, MIKKO T, JURKKA K. Superhydrophobic coatings on
cellulose-based materials: Fabrication, properties, and applications[J].
Adv Mater Interface, 2014, 1: 1300026.
[6] SEQUEIRA S, EVTUGUIN D V, PORTUGAL I, et al. Synthesis and
characterisation of cellulose/silica hybrids obtained by heteropoly
acid catalysed sol-gel process[J]. Mater Sci Eng, 2007, 27: 172-179.
[7] LI Z X, XING Y J, DAI J J. Superhydrophobic surfaces prepared
from water glass and non-fluorinated alkylsilane on cotton
substrates[J]. Appl Surf Sci, 2008, 254: 2131-2135.
[8] TAN B, RANKIN, S E. Study of the effects of progressive changes in
alkoxysilane structure on sol-gel reactivity[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2006,
110: 22353-22364.
[9] YEH J T, CHEN C L, HUANG K S. Preparation and application of
[37] 在制备 fluorocarbon polymer/SiO 2 hybrid materials, part 2: Water and oil
repellent processing for cotton fabrics by sol-gel method[J]. J Appl
Polym Sci, 2007, 103: 3019-3124.
[10] VINCE J, OREL B, VILCENIK A, et al. Structural and water-
repellent properties of a urea/poly(dimethylsiloxane) sol-gel hybrid
and its bonding to cotton fabric[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22: 6489-6497.
[11] DUAN W, XIE A J, SHEN Y H. Fabrication of Superhydrophobic
cotton fabrics with UV protection based on CeO 2 particles[J]. Industrial
and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50: 4441-4445.
[12] LI Z X (李正雄), XING Y J (邢彦军), DAI J J (戴瑾瑾).
Superhydrophobic finishing of cotton fabric by sol-gel method[J]
Printing and Dyeing Auxiliary (印染助剂), 2008, 25(9): 31-34.
[13] ROE B, ZHANG X. Durable hydrophobic textile fabric finishing
using silica nanoparticles and mixed silanes[J]. Text Res J, 2009, 79:
1115-1122.
[14] MAHLTIG B, BÖTTHER H. Modified silica sol coatings for
water-repellent textiles[J]. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol, 2003, 27: 43-52.
[15] ZHANG J R (张佼如). Synthesis and properties of SiO 2/polyacrylate
composite emulsion[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of
Technology (华南理工大学), 2013.
[16] CHEN Y N (陈亚男). Preparation and properties of silicon modified
water insoluble epoxy resin[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University (沈
阳大学), 2014.
[17] BALU B, BREEDVELD V, HESS, D W. Fabrication of “roll-off”
and “sticky” superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces via plasma
processing[J]. Langmuir, 2008, 24: 4785-4790.
[18] DAOUD W A, XIN J H, TAO X M. Superhydrophobic silica
nanocomposite coating by a low-temperature process[J]. Communications
of the American Ceramic Society, 2004, 87: 1782-1784
[19] ZHOU H, WANG H X, NIU H T, et al. Fluoroalkyl silane modified
silicone rubber/nanoparticle composite: A super durable, robust
superhydrophobic fabric coating[J]. Adv Mater, 2012, 24: 2409-2412.
[20] HU Z S, ZEN X Y, GONG J, et al. Water resistance improvement of
paper by superhydrophobic modification with microsized CaCO 3 and
fatty acid coating[J]. Colloids Surf A, 2009, 351: 65-70.
[21] LUO Y F, WANG Y L, PAN J, et al. A new family of modified
poly(D, L)-lactic acids and their hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity[J].
High Technology Letters, 2003, 2: 47-51
[22] LIU L Z (刘立柱), MA H J (马红杰), ZHU X S (朱兴松), et al.
Preparation and properties of poly (lactic acid)/nano silicon dioxide
in situ composites[J]. Journal of Beijing university of chemical
industry (北京化工大学学报), 2008, 35(1): 67-69.