Page 30 - 《精细化工》2022年第10期
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第 39 卷第 10 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.10
2022 年 10 月 FINE CHEMICALS Oct. 2022
综论
水分解制氢中的电解液调控机制
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王瑞雪,吴家哲,郑文钰,陈玉彬
(西安交通大学 动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)
摘要:氢气因能量密度高和燃烧产物无污染而得到了广泛的关注,如何以清洁高效的方式制备氢能成为研究中
的重点。光伏-电解、光催化、光电催化分解水可以利用储量丰富的太阳能和水产生氢气,是很有前景的氢气制
备技术。其中,电化学反应是水分解工艺的关键环节,直接决定整个系统能量转换效率的高低。而以往研究多
集中于催化材料的开发,通常忽略了电解液的性质对电解性能的影响。该文根据水分解的基本理论和反应机理,
总结了电化学步骤中电解液 pH、离子成分对表面催化过程和质量传输的影响。指出调控电解液可影响固液界面
反应,从而达到在各种水分解系统中提高能量转化效率和稳定性的目的。最后,提出了水分解制氢未来的发展
方向。
关键词:水分解;电解液;质量传输;离子;溶液工程
中图分类号:TQ116.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2022) 10-1964-12
Electrolyte regulation in water electrolysis for hydrogen production
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WANG Ruixue, WU Jiazhe, ZHENG Wenyu, CHEN Yubin
(State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: Hydrogen has received extensive attention due to its high energy density and non-polluting
combustion products. How to prepare hydrogen energy in a clean and efficient way has become the research
focus. Solar water splitting photovoltaic-electrolysis, photocatalysis, and photo-electrocatalysis for
hydrogen generation by using naturally abundant solar energy and water are promising hydrogen production
technologies. In the water splitting process, electrochemical reaction is the key step which directly
determines the energy conversion efficiency of the whole system. However, most of the previous studies
focused on the development of catalytic materials, while the influence of electrolyte characters on the
electrolytic performance was usually neglected. Herein, the effects of electrolyte pH and ion composition on
the surface catalytic reaction and mass transfer were firstly summarized according to the basic principles of
water splitting. Then it was pointed out that improvement of energy conversion efficiency and stability in
various water decomposition systems could be achieved by electrolyte regulation which showed influence
on solid-liquid interfacial reaction. Finally, the future development direction of hydrogen production by
water decomposition was proposed.
Key words: water splitting; electrolyte; mass transfer; ions; solution engineering
当今世界能源需求不断加大,化石燃料消耗急 其中,氢气以较高的能量密度和燃烧产物无污染的
速增加,同时带来了不可忽视的环境问题。能源短 优点受到了广泛的关注 [1-2] 。工业产氢有 3 种技术路
缺和环境污染这两大问题的解决是人类社会实现可 线:灰氢(化石能源制氢)、蓝氢(化石能源制氢并
持续发展的迫切需要,加快太阳能、风能、生物质 使用碳捕获、利用和封存技术)和绿氢(可再生能
能等可再生能源的开发和利用有望解决以上问题。 源制氢),蓝氢和绿氢的技术成本约为灰氢的 1.6 倍
收稿日期:2022-03-29; 定用日期:2022-05-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220288
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52076177);国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0500503);四川省科技计划(2021YFSY0047)
作者简介:王瑞雪(1997—),女,硕士生,E-mail:wrx9790@163.com。联系人:陈玉彬(1986—),男,副教授,E-mail:
ybchen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn。