Page 132 - 《精细化工》2022年第3期
P. 132
第 39 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.3
2022 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2022
表面活性剂
多支化阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂的制备与性能
1
谭小琴 1,2 ,黄朝坤 1,2 ,陈 洁 1,2 ,吴静怡 ,倪丽杰 1,2* ,权 衡 1,3*
(1. 武汉纺织大学 化学与化工学院,湖北 武汉 430200;2. 湖北省高分子纺织化学品企校联合创新中
心,湖北 荆州 434000;3. 生物质纤维与生态染整湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430200)
摘要:为研究具有多条烷基长链的多支化阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂的结构控制方法及其构效关系,以异佛尔酮
二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、N-甲基二乙醇胺、十六醇和溴代烷烃为原料,制备了一系列多支化长链烷基季铵型聚氨酯
1
表面活性剂(SC2、SC3、SC4)。产物结构经 FTIR 和 HNMR 进行确证。对其临界表面张力(γ CMC )、Krafft 点、
发泡性、乳化性及耐盐性进行了测试。结果表明,具有 3 支长链烷基的阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂 SC3 为具有双
十六烷基的阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂 SC2 与具有 4 支十六烷基的阳离子聚氨酯表面活性剂 SC4 的混合物。SC2
–4
–4
和 SC4 的 γ CMC 分别为 23.61 和 30.35 mN/m,对应的临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为 3.0×10 和 2.5×10 mol/L,
Krafft 点分别为 23 和 41 ℃,产物具有较高的表面活性和良好的乳化、发泡、耐盐性能。
关键词:聚氨酯表面活性剂;多支化烷基链;阳离子;构效关系;表面活性剂
中图分类号:TQ423.12 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2022) 03-0554-08
Preparation and properties of multi-branched cationic polyurethane surfactants
1,2
1
1,2
1,2
TAN Xiaoqin , HUANG Chaokun , CHEN Jie , WU Jingyi , NI Lijie 1,2* , QUAN Heng 1,3*
(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China; 2. Hubei
Provincial Enterprise-School Joint Innovation Center for Macromolecule Textile Chemicals, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei,
China; 3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers & Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan 430200, Hubei, China)
Abstract: In order to study the structure control method and structure-activity relationship of multi-branched
cationic polyurethane surfactants with multiple long alkyl chains, a series of multi-branched long-chain
alkyl quaternary ammonium polyurethane surfactants (SC2, SC3 and SC4) were prepared from isophorone
diisocyanate (IPDI), N-methyldiethanolamine, cetyl alcohol and bromine substituted alkanes. The structure
1
of the product was confirmed by FTIR and HNMR. The critical surface tension (γ CMC), Krafft point,
foaming ability, emulsifying ability and salt tolerance were tested. The results showed that cationic
polyurethane surfactant SC3 with three-branched long-chain alkyl groups was a mixture of cationic
polyurethane surfactants SC2 with dihexadecyl group and cationic polyurethane surfactants SC4 with four
hexadecyl groups. The γ CMC values of SC2 and SC4 were 23.61 and 30.35 mN/m, the corresponding critical
–4
–4
micelle concentrations (CMC) were 3.0×10 and 2.5×10 mol/L, and the corresponding Krafft points were
23 and 41 ℃. The products had high surface activity and good emulsification, foaming and salt tolerance.
Key words: polyurethane surfactants; hyperbranched alkyl chains; cationic ions; structure-activity
relationship; surfactants
表面活性剂是一类重要的精细化学品,有“工 中具有更强的疏水缔合作用,从而表现出优异的乳
[3]
业味精”之称,具有润湿、乳化、起泡、增溶及分 化能力 。然而,传统的小分子表面活性剂结构不
散等作用,在纺织、洗涤、医药等领域应用广泛 [1-2] 。 够丰富,具有多个疏水长链结构表面活性剂的合成
[4]
相较于传统的表面活性剂,多支化表面活性剂在水 步骤繁琐,制约了表面活性剂的发展 。利用异氰
收稿日期:2021-06-18; 定用日期:2021-11-01; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210628
基金项目:湖北省技术创新专项(2019AEE008);生物质纤维与生态染整湖北省重点实验室开放课题(STRZ2021009)
作者简介:谭小琴(1995—),女,硕士生,E-mail:269224691@qq.com。联系人:倪丽杰(1985—),男,实验师,E-mail:
371682159@qq.com;权 衡(1971—),男,教授,E-mail:296180128@qq.com。