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·1328· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 39 卷

异、功能全面、紫外稳定性好的材料。 4862.
[5] KOVACIC P, LOWERY M K, FIELD K W. Chemistry of N-
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[6] BARNELA S B, WORLEY S D, WILLIAMS D E. Syntheses and
紫外不稳定性是限制 N—Cl 型卤胺抗菌材料应
antibacterial activity of new N-halamine compounds[J]. Journal of
用的最主要原因，有效提高其紫外稳定性可以拓展 Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1987, 76(3): 245-247.
实际应用范围，并进一步提高其在各类抗菌材料中 [7] WORLEY S D, WILLIAMS D E, BARNELA S B. The stabilities of
new N-halamine water disinfectants[J]. Water Research, 1987, 21(8):
的竞争力。通过改变卤胺前驱体结构、引入无机、
983-988.
有机紫外吸收剂来提高紫外稳定性都有着一定的局 [8] WANG Y F, YIN M L, LI Z G, et al. Preparation of antimicrobial
限性，比如：含有芳香环的聚合物材料在高温高湿 and hemostatic cotton with modified mesoporous particles for
biomedical applications[J]. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces,
环境中难以恢复失去的氯；棉织物上负载的纳米
2018, 165: 199-206.
TiO 2 容易团聚，影响抗菌剂与细菌的接触，在短时 [9] PAN N G, LIU Y, REN X H, et al. Fabrication of cotton fabrics
间内使织物的抗菌性能下降；有机物的负载工艺复 through in-situ reduction of polymeric N-halamine modified
杂，并且使用的化学溶剂可能会损害人体健康。未 graphene oxide with enhanced ultraviolet-blocking, self-cleaning,
and highly efficient, and monitorable antibacterial properties[J].
来的研究方向应从以下几个方面入手： Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,
（1）正确判断 N—Cl 型卤胺抗菌材料在紫外光 2018, 555: 765-771.
照射下是 N—Cl 键的断裂还是其他连接键的断裂， [10] LI Y Y, WANG R, SI Y, et al. Rechargeable polyamide-based
N-halamine nanofibrous membranes for renewable, high efficiency,
针对不同断裂形式，提出有效解决方法。例如，针 and antibacterial respirators[J]. Nanoscale Advances, 2019, 1: 1948-
对硅氧烷类卤胺抗菌材料中紫外不稳定的问题，可以 1956.
通过复合不同的纳米粒子进行协同作用，缓解 C—Si [11] KAUR R, LIU S. Antibacterial surface design-contact kill[J].
Progress in Surface Science, 2016, 91(3): 136-153.
键或连接键的断裂问题，大大提高紫外稳定性的同 [12] AHMED A E S I, HAY J N, BUSHELL M E, et al. Optimizing
时，改善织物的抗菌、自清洁等性能。 halogenation conditions of N-halamine polymers and investigating
（2）虽然紫外吸收剂有着很好的紫外防护效果， mode of bactericidal action[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
2009, 113(4): 2404-2412.
但其如何与卤胺前驱体和织物、无机粒子等材料实 [13] CHOI K, NAM M J, KIM J Y, et al. Synthesis and characterization
现更好的结合是一个值得研究的问题。由于交联效 of biocidal poly (oxyethylene)s having N-halamine side groups[J].
果优异的 BTCA 价格昂贵，交联后导致织物强力损 Macromolecular Research, 2011, 19(12): 1227-1232.
[14] FRANCK H, CATHERINE D C. Antimicrobial N-halamine polymers
失较大，所以应寻找其他交联剂或者方法进行代替。
and coatings: A review of their synthesis, characterization, and
（3）在紫外光的影响下，与苯环相连的亚甲基 applications[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2013, 14(3): 585-601.
会被氧化产生羰基生色基团进而发生黄变，这需要 [15] REN X H, KOU L, LIANG J, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy and light
stability of N-halamine siloxanes bound to cotton[J]. Cellulose, 2008,
在引入芳香烃结构时注意，避免对抗菌材料色泽造
15(4): 593-598.
成影响。同样，纳米 TiO 2 在应用过程中容易团聚形 [16] JIANG Q, JIANG Z, MA K, et al. Development of cytocompatible
成二次颗粒，会使织物的透气性下降，影响服用性 antibacterial electro-spun nanofibrous composites[J]. Journal of
Materials Science, 2014, 49(19): 6734-6741.
能。因此，探索对基体材料性能影响小的紫外吸收
[17] GUTMAN O, NATAN M, BANIN E, et al. Characterization and
剂值得深入研究。 antibacterial properties of N-halamine-derivatized cross-linked
（4）目前，对 N—Cl 型卤胺抗菌材料紫外稳定 polymethacrylamide nanoparticles[J]. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(19):
5079-5087.
性的研究已经有了一定的进展。下一步应该通过简
[18] BASTARRACHEA L J, MCLANDSBOROUGH L A, PELEG M,
化工艺流程、降低生产成本，将研究成果转化为实 et al. Antimicrobial N-halamine modified polyethylene: Characterization,
际应用，尤其是在医疗、纺织等领域，这对卤胺抗 biocidal efficacy, regeneration, and stability[J]. Journal of Food
Science, 2014, 79(5): E887-E897.
菌剂今后全方位发展应用有着积极影响。
[19] CARROLL L, PATTISON D I, FU S L, et al. Reactivity of selenium-
containing compounds with myeloperoxidase-derived chlorinating
参考文献：
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