Page 41 - 《精细化工》2023年第1期
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第 40 卷第 1 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.40, No.1
20 23 年 1 月 FINE CHEMICALS Jan. 2023
综论
核壳结构纳米复合材料的制备及
催化应用研究进展
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史大昕,张欢欢,高 霞,关静莹,黎汉生 ,张耀远
(北京理工大学 化学与化工学院,北京 100081)
摘要:核壳结构纳米复合材料,即一层或多层的无机或有机材料借助某种相互作用力包覆在无机或有机颗粒的
外表面所形成的具有核壳结构的纳米材料。核壳结构纳米复合材料可以改善外壳和内核的不足,提高材料的光、
电、磁、催化等特性。根据核和壳层的不同可划分出多种分类,且制备方法多样。核与壳之间的相互作用促使
核壳结构纳米复合材料呈现出多种优异的功能特性,广泛应用于诸多领域。在催化中,核壳结构纳米复合材料
不但表现出良好的耐化学侵蚀特性还能有效减少纳米粒子的团聚、烧结等问题。该文综述了核壳型纳米复合材
料的分类、制备方法及在催化领域中的应用,简单阐述了其形成机理,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。
关键词:纳米复合材料;核壳结构;制备;催化应用
中图分类号:O643.36 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2023) 01-0033-11
Research progress on preparation and catalytic application of
core-shell nanocomposites
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SHI Daxin, ZHANG Huanhuan, GAO Xia, GUAN Jingying, LI Hansheng , ZHANG Yaoyuan
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: Nanocomposites with core-shell structure are synthesized with a layer or multilayer of inorganic
or organic materials coated on the outer surface of inorganic or organic particles with a certain interaction
force. Core-shell nanocomposites can overcome the deficiencies of the outer shell and inner core and
improve the optical, electrical, magnetic, catalytic and other properties of the material. Based on different
core/shell material used, core-shell nanocomposite can be divided into various categories with various
preparation methods. Moreover, the interaction between core and shell makes core-shell nanocomposites
exhibit various excellent functional properties, which leads to wide application in many fields. In catalytic
applications, core-shell nanocomposites exhibit good chemical corrosion resistance, and effective reduction
of agglomeration and sintering of nanoparticles. Herein, the classification, preparation methods and
applications of core-shell nanocomposites in the field of catalysis were reviewed, followed by exploration
on their formation mechanism. Finally, the future development directions was discussed.
Key words: nanocomposites; core-shell structure; preparation; catalysis application
核壳复合纳米材料是将一种或多种纳米粒子材 催化等特性 [1-3] 。核壳结构纳米复合材料的外壳和内
料包覆在其他纳米粒子上所形成的有序组装纳米复 核间具有强相互作用,且可以通过调整壳层结构来
合材料。核壳复合纳米材料能够兼具外壳和内核材 调控内核纳米颗粒的表面特性,如:表面电荷密度、
料的优良特点,将内外两种材料的特性复合,克服 表面活性、官能团类型、稳定性及分散性等。另外,
单一结构材料性能的不足,提高材料的光、电、磁、 通过特殊的结构设计,还可以将外壳材料特有的催
收稿日期:2022-04-01; 定用日期:2022-07-04; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220306
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(22108013);中国石油科技创新基金(2020D-5007-0402)
作者简介:史大昕(1974—),男,讲师,E-mail:shidaxin@bit.edu.cn。联系人:黎汉生(1972—),男,副教授,E-mail:hanshengli@
bit.edu.cn。