Page 51 - 201808
P. 51

第 35 卷第 8 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.35, No.8
             201 8 年 8 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Aug.  2018


              表面活性剂
                        茶叶籽皂素的微波辅助提取及其表面性能



                                                           *
                                        李小然,毛桃嫣 ,郑  成,邹敏婷
                                       (广州大学  精细化工研究所,广东  广州  510006)


                 摘要:采用微波辅助碱性乙醇溶液从茶叶籽饼粕中提取茶叶籽皂素,确定茶叶籽皂素提取的最佳工艺条件为:
                 乙醇体积分数 70%、料液比(每克茶叶籽饼粕加入提取液体积,下同)1∶12、提取温度 60 ℃、提取时间 8 min、
                 pH=9、微波功率 630 W。在该工艺条件下,茶叶籽皂素得率为 21.64%,明显优于传统水提法(9.36%)和乙醇
                                                                –5
                 提取法(11.34%)。产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为 3.9×10 mol/L,在该浓度下的表面张力为 34.8 mN/m。茶
                 叶籽皂素对苯的增溶能力为 29880 mL/mol。与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和吐温 80(Tween-80)对比可知,茶叶
                 籽皂素(质量分数 0.1%)具有良好的发泡性能(泡沫高度 65 mm)和稳泡性能(5 min 后仍能保持 63 mm),
                 并具有良好的润湿和乳化性能。
                 关键词:微波;碱性乙醇溶液;茶叶籽皂素;表面活性剂
                 中图分类号:TQ423      文献标识码:A     文章编号:1003-5214 (2018) 08-1299-08


                           Microwave-assisted Extraction of Tea Seed Saponin and
                                                 Its Surface Properties


                                                          *
                                  LI Xiao-ran, MAO Tao-yan , ZHENG Cheng, ZOU Min-ting
                      (Research Institute of Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China)


                 Abstract: Microwave-assisted extraction was used to extract saponin from tea seed cake by using alkaline
                 ethanol solution as extraction solvent. The suitable extraction conditions were obtained as follows: volume
                 fraction of ethanol 70%, ratio of material to liquid 1∶12 (liquid volume per gram material,as the below),
                 extraction temperature  60 ℃, extraction time 8  min, pH 9 and microwave  power 630  W.  Under  these
                 conditions, the extraction yield of tea seed saponin was 21.64%, which was obviously higher than that of
                 conventional water extraction method (9.36%) and ethanol extraction method (11.34%). The critical micelle
                                                      –5
                 concentration (CMC) of product was 3.9×10  mol/L, and the surface tension (γ CMC) was 34.8 mN/m. The
                 solubilization  ability of benzene by tea  seed saponin  was  29880 mL/mol. Compared  with sodium
                 dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and Tween 80 (Tween-80), tea seed saponin(mass fraction 0.1%) had
                 excellent foaming  performance (foam height 65 mm), foam stability (63 mm after 5min), wetting and
                 emulsifying properties.
                 Key words: microwave; alkaline ethanol solution; tea seed saponin;surfactants
                 Foundation items: Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (201607010080); Science and
                 Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2016 A010103044)



                 近年来,天然表面活性剂由于毒性低,生物降                          木糖等,有机酸主要为乙酸、肉桂酸等。茶皂素是
            解性好引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,也逐渐被作                             一种性能优良的非离子型天然表面活性剂,不仅具
            为其他种类表面活性剂的替代品广泛应用于各行各                             有良好的发泡、去污、乳化、分散、渗透、润湿和
            业。茶皂素是由苷元、有机酸和糖体组成的五环三                             稳泡等性能,还具有镇痛、消炎、杀菌、止痒等药
            萜类化合物,糖体配基有阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖醛酸、                             理作用,可广泛应用于日用化工、纺织、农药等行


                 收稿日期:2017-06-10;  定用日期:2017-11-28; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg. 20170483
                 基金项目:广州市科技计划项目(201607010080)  ;广东省省级科技计划项目(2016A010103044)
                 作者简介:李小然(1990—),女,硕士生。联系人:毛桃嫣(1986—),女,讲师,E-mail:maotaoyan_86@126.com。
   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56