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第 35 卷第 8 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.35, No.8
201 8 年 8 月 FINE CHEMICALS Aug. 2018

表面活性剂
季铵盐有机硅双子表面活性剂的物化及抗菌性能

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鲍 艳 1,2 ，刘 盼 1,2 ，郭佳佳
（1.陕西科技大学 轻工科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710021；2.陕西科技大学 轻化工程国家级实验教学
示范中心，陕西 西安 710021）

摘要：以聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚和不同黏度羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷为主要原料，在四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）和
NaOH 的催化下，合成出不同硅氧链长的环氧基聚醚改性硅氧烷 EP-PSi x -EP（x=40、80、315，下同），EP-PSi x -EP
再与 N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺在盐酸催化下进行季铵化反应，制备得到连接基长度不同的季铵盐有机硅双子表
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面活性剂 C 12 -PSi x -C 12 （x=40、80、315，下同）。采用 FTIR、HNMR 对产物结构进行了表征。考察了 C 12 -PSi x -C 12
中连接基长度对其表面张力、润湿性能、乳化稳定性等物化性能及抗菌性能的影响。结果表明，随着 C 12 -PSi x -C 12
中连接基长度的减小，C 12 -PSi x -C 12 的表面活性、润湿性能及抗菌能力逐渐增强。它们的 γ CMC 依次为 29.74、31.17、
44.95 mN/m；在玻璃表面的最大接触角依次为 48.3、59.9、65.6；对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈宽度分别为 38.5、
34.5、27.5 mm。并且 C 12 -PSi 40 -C 12 对液体石蜡、煤油、油酸的乳化稳定性能最好，乳化稳定时间分别为 260.5、
732.3、1537.0 s。
关键词：双子表面活性剂；有机硅；季铵盐；润湿性；乳化稳定性；抗菌性
中图分类号：TQ314 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2018) 08-1306-07

Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Quaternary

Ammonium Organic Silicon Gemini Surfactants

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1,2
BAO Yan , LIU Pan , GUO Jia-jia
（1.College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China;2.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi
University of Science & Technology，Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: A series of epoxy-modified polyether ploysiloxanes (EP-PSi x-EP, x=40,80,315) were synthesized
from ployethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether and polydimethylsiloxane by using tetrabutylammonium bromide
(TBAB) and NaOH as catalyst. Then, corresponding quaternary ammonium organic silicon gemini
surfactants, C 12-PSi x-C 12 (x=40,80,315,as the below), were synthesized by quaternarization of EP-PSi x-EP
with N,N-dimethyldodecylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid. The samples
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were characterized by FTIR and HNMR. The effect of spacer length on the characteristics of quaternary
ammonium organic Gemini surfactant was investigated. The results showed that the surface activity, wetting
property and antimicrobial ability of surfactant gradually enhanced with the decrease of the length of spacer
group in C 12-PSi x-C 12. The surface tension values of above three surfactants at CMC (γ CMC) were 29.74,
31.17 and 44.95 mN/m, respectively. The maximal contact angle values on the glass were 48.3, 59.9 and
65.6. The diameter of inhibition zone of C 12-PSi x-C 12 (x =40,80,315) to Staphylococcus aureus was 38.5,
34.5 and 27.5 mm, respectively. Furthermore, C 12-PSi 40-C 12 exhibited the best emulsion stability to liquid
paraffin, kerosene and oleic acid, with corresponding emulsifying stability time of 260.5, 732.3 and
1537.0 s.
Key words: Gemini surfactant; organic silicon; quaternary ammonium; wetting property; emulsifying
stability; antibacterial property

收稿日期：2017-03-17; 定用日期：2017-11-23; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20170220
基金项目：新世纪优秀人才支持计划（NCET-13-0885）；国家自然科学基金（21376145）；陕西科技大学科研创新团队项目（TD12-03）
作者简介：鲍 艳（1981—），女，教授，E-mail：baoyan0611@126.com。