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·656· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 36 卷

EE 作用金黄色葡萄球菌后的 DNA 荧光强度变 [3] Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (南京中医药大学). Chinese
medicine dictionary (中药大辞典第二版)[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai
化见图 6a。8~20 h 内，对照组的荧光强度呈稳定增 Scientific & Technical Publishers (上海科学技术出版社), 2010:
长趋势，20~28 h 内，荧光强度略有下降；实验组的 1287-1288.
[4] Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for
荧光强度在 0~28 h 内虽略有增加但各个时段均明显 natural and synthetic dual-activecompounds[J]. European Journal of
低于对照组。图 6b 为 EE 作用大肠杆菌后的 DNA Medicinal Chemistry, 2018, 158: 91-105.
[5] Newman D J, Cragg G M. Natural products as sources of new drugs
荧光强度变化情况，8~24 h 内，对照组的荧光强度 from 1981 to 2014[J]. Journal of Natural Products, 2016, 79(3):
呈稳定增长趋势，24~28 h 内，荧光强度略有下降； 629-661.
[6] Silva L N, Rigon Zimmer K R, Macedo A J, et al. Plant natural
实验组的荧光强度在 8~16 h 呈下降趋势，16~24 h 荧 product stargeting bacterial virulence factors[J]. Chemical Reviews,
光强度有所增加，24 h 后实验组荧光强度再次降低。 2016, 116(16): 9162-9236.
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DAPI 是一种能够与 DNA 强力结合的荧光染 platforms to overcome antibiotic resistance[J]. Chemical Reviews,
料，因其可透过完整的细胞膜与 DNA 结合，可用于 2017, 117(19): 12415-12474.
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活细胞和固定细胞的染色 [39] 。DNA 含量越高，与 antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities in various extracts from
Tossa jute leave (Corchorus olitorus L.)[J]. Industrial Crops and
DAPI 结合后荧光越强，故可通过荧光强弱来判断活 Products, 2018, 118: 206-213.
细菌数量的多少，验证受试物是否通过干扰细菌遗 [9] Pinheiro P F, Parreira Menini L A, Bernardes P C, et al.
Semisynthetic phenol derivatives obtained from natural phenols:
传物质的合成来抑制细菌繁殖。由图 6 可见，EE 处 antimicrobial activity and molecular properties[J]. Journal of
理明显降低了受试菌的 DNA 荧光强度，从而验证 Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2018, 66(1): 323-330.
[10] Bartmanska A, Walecka-Zacharska E, Tronina T, et al. Antimicrobial
EE 可能通过干扰两种受试菌 DNA 合成而阻断蛋白 properties of spent hops extracts, flavonoids isolated therefrom, and
质合成，进而抑制细菌增殖 [40] 。另外，大肠杆菌 EE their derivatives[J]. Molecules, 2018, 23(8): 2059-2071
[11] Seshimoto F, Hong S W, Nakajyo H, et al. New antibacterial
处理组相对于对照组 DNA 荧光强度的降幅小于金 polyacetylenes from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings[J].
黄色葡萄球菌 EE 处理组，再次验证 EE 对金黄色葡 Heterocycles, 2011, 83(5): 1067-1076.
[12] Sankaranarayanan S, Bama P, Deccaraman M, et al. Isolation and
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等检测结果一致。 Helianthus annuus Linn[J]. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,
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[13] Zhang He (张鹤), Zhang Ying (张莹), Yang Fengjian (杨逢建), et al.
3 结论 Correlation between total phenols and total flavonoids contents and
antioxidant activity of different fractions from ethanol extract of sunflower
stalk pith[J]. Food Science (食品科学), 2018, 39(15): 54-59.
（1）向日葵茎髓乙酸乙酯萃取部位（EE）的 [14] She Zhiyun (佘之蕴), Huang Baoying (黄宝莹), Liu Haiqing (刘海
抑菌活性显著大于石油醚萃取部位（PE）和正丁醇 卿), et al. Antibacterial activity of foods additives against five strains
of probiotics by oxford plate assay system[J]. Food Industry (食品工
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氏阳性菌的抑制作用要强于阴性菌。此外，EE、PE [15] Wang Hongyan (王红岩), Wang Lu (汪璐), Xie Kunpeng (谢鲲鹏),
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和 BE 对受试菌（枯草芽孢杆菌除外）的 IC 50 均与 Ganoderma lucidum[J]. Chinese Journal of Biochemical
其总酚、总黄酮含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。 Pharmaceutics (中国生化药物杂志), 2017, 37(3): 52-54.
[16] Zhou Benhong (周本宏), Song Changqing (松长青), Jiang Shan (姜
（2）向日葵茎髓乙酸乙酯萃取物（EE）可在 姗), et al. Antibacterial activity of sanguisorba tannin extract and
较短时间内破坏金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的细胞 mechanism of antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus[J]. China
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壁和细胞膜结构的完整性，增加细胞膜的通透性， [17] Liang Jingnan (梁静南), Liu Yiwei (刘一苇), Xie Jiayi (谢家仪).
致使细胞电解质、蛋白、酶等物质渗透到细胞外， The improvement of bacteria sample preparation method for
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Modern Agriculture (现代农业), 2018, 2: 56. anthocyanin rich Chinese wild blueberry extract on various food