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第 36 卷第 4 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.36, No.4
             201 9 年 4 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Apr.    2019


              综论
                      淀粉质燃料乙醇发酵胁迫及菌株耐受性改造



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                    王小艳      1,4,6 ,秦   磊 ,刘   辉 ,李   凡               1,3,4 ,李   春 ,佟   毅         2,4*
                 〔1.  中粮营养健康研究院有限公司,北京    102209;2.  吉林中粮生化有限公司(玉米深加工国家工程研究
                 中心),吉林  长春  130033;3.  中粮生化能源(肇东)有限公司,黑龙江  哈尔滨    133010;4.  国家能源
                 生物液体燃料研发(实验)中心,北京    102209;5.  北京理工大学  化学与化工学院  合成生物系统研究所,
                 北京    100081;6.  营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室,北京    102209〕

                 摘要:在淀粉质燃料乙醇生产过程中,酿酒酵母面临的多重胁迫严重制约了燃料乙醇的生产效率。针对这一现
                 状,该文结合国内淀粉质燃料乙醇主要生产工艺,综合分析了该工艺下燃料乙醇发酵过程中影响酿酒酵母生长
                 和生产的各种胁迫因素;阐述了微生物对不同胁迫因子的抗逆分子机制;介绍了菌株耐受性改造的方法;提出
                 实现菌株全局的耐受性和鲁棒性,并且开发基于全基因组的快速进化方法是未来工业微生物耐受性改造的方向。
                 关键词:燃料乙醇;酿酒酵母;发酵;耐受性;环境胁迫
                 中图分类号:Q819      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 04-0568-07


                        Research Progress of Starchy Fuel Ethanol Fermentation and

                                   The Tolerance of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae


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                           WANG Xiao-yan  1,4,6 , QIN Lei , LIU Hui , LI Fan 1,3,4 , LI Chun , TONG Yi 2,4*
                 〔1. Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China; 2. Jilin COFCO Biochemistry
                 Co., Ltd. (National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing), Changchun 130033, Jilin, China; 3. COFCO
                 Biochemical Energy (Zhaodong) Co., Ltd., Harbin 133010, Heilongjiang, China; 4. National Energy Biological Liquid
                 Fuel R  & D  (Experimental) Center, Beijing  102209, China;  5. Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of
                 Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical  Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing
                 100081, China; 6. Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing 102209, China〕

                 Abstract:  In  the  industrial  production  of  starchy  fuel  ethanol,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  faces  multiple
                 stresses during fermentation, which substantially limits the efficiency of ethanol production. Aiming at this
                 phenomenon,  this  article  analyzes  the  current  domestic  fuel  ethanol  production  status  and  production
                 process and the stress factors in fermentation process, illustrates the molecular mechanisms of S. cerevisiae
                 tolerance to various stresses, and introduces the modification methods about yeast tolerance. We suggest
                 that realizing global tolerance and robustness of S. cerevisiae and developing genome-wide discretionary
                 multipoint  genome  modification  approach  are  the  probable  direction  of  industrial  microorganism
                 modification in the future.
                 Key words: fuel ethanol; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; fermentation; tolerance;environmental stress
                 Foundation items: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21706011); Beijing
                 Municipal  Science  &  Technology  Commission  (Z181100005118009);  the  Science  and  Technology
                 Development Plan of Jilin Province (20150203005NY)


                 近年来,因化石能源日益枯竭、环保意识逐步                          2016 年 12 月,中国能源局发布《生物质能发展“十
            强化,大力发展生物燃料乙醇在世界各国呼声又起。                            三五”规划》明确指出:到 2020 年中国生物液体燃


                 收稿日期:2018-07-05;  定用日期:2018-12-10; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180496
                 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(21706011);北京市科委计划项目(Z181100005118009);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20150203005NY)
                 作者简介:王小艳(1980—),女,高工,博士。联系人:佟   毅(1963—),男,教授级高工,博士,电话:010-56989574,E-mail:
                 tongyi@cofco.com。
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