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第 36 卷第 4 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.4
201 9 年 4 月 FINE CHEMICALS Apr. 2019
综论
淀粉质燃料乙醇发酵胁迫及菌株耐受性改造
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王小艳 1,4,6 ,秦 磊 ,刘 辉 ,李 凡 1,3,4 ,李 春 ,佟 毅 2,4*
〔1. 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司,北京 102209;2. 吉林中粮生化有限公司(玉米深加工国家工程研究
中心),吉林 长春 130033;3. 中粮生化能源(肇东)有限公司,黑龙江 哈尔滨 133010;4. 国家能源
生物液体燃料研发(实验)中心,北京 102209;5. 北京理工大学 化学与化工学院 合成生物系统研究所,
北京 100081;6. 营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室,北京 102209〕
摘要:在淀粉质燃料乙醇生产过程中,酿酒酵母面临的多重胁迫严重制约了燃料乙醇的生产效率。针对这一现
状,该文结合国内淀粉质燃料乙醇主要生产工艺,综合分析了该工艺下燃料乙醇发酵过程中影响酿酒酵母生长
和生产的各种胁迫因素;阐述了微生物对不同胁迫因子的抗逆分子机制;介绍了菌株耐受性改造的方法;提出
实现菌株全局的耐受性和鲁棒性,并且开发基于全基因组的快速进化方法是未来工业微生物耐受性改造的方向。
关键词:燃料乙醇;酿酒酵母;发酵;耐受性;环境胁迫
中图分类号:Q819 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 04-0568-07
Research Progress of Starchy Fuel Ethanol Fermentation and
The Tolerance of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
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WANG Xiao-yan 1,4,6 , QIN Lei , LIU Hui , LI Fan 1,3,4 , LI Chun , TONG Yi 2,4*
〔1. Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China; 2. Jilin COFCO Biochemistry
Co., Ltd. (National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing), Changchun 130033, Jilin, China; 3. COFCO
Biochemical Energy (Zhaodong) Co., Ltd., Harbin 133010, Heilongjiang, China; 4. National Energy Biological Liquid
Fuel R & D (Experimental) Center, Beijing 102209, China; 5. Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, Department of
Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing
100081, China; 6. Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Beijing 102209, China〕
Abstract: In the industrial production of starchy fuel ethanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae faces multiple
stresses during fermentation, which substantially limits the efficiency of ethanol production. Aiming at this
phenomenon, this article analyzes the current domestic fuel ethanol production status and production
process and the stress factors in fermentation process, illustrates the molecular mechanisms of S. cerevisiae
tolerance to various stresses, and introduces the modification methods about yeast tolerance. We suggest
that realizing global tolerance and robustness of S. cerevisiae and developing genome-wide discretionary
multipoint genome modification approach are the probable direction of industrial microorganism
modification in the future.
Key words: fuel ethanol; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; fermentation; tolerance;environmental stress
Foundation items: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21706011); Beijing
Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z181100005118009); the Science and Technology
Development Plan of Jilin Province (20150203005NY)
近年来,因化石能源日益枯竭、环保意识逐步 2016 年 12 月,中国能源局发布《生物质能发展“十
强化,大力发展生物燃料乙醇在世界各国呼声又起。 三五”规划》明确指出:到 2020 年中国生物液体燃
收稿日期:2018-07-05; 定用日期:2018-12-10; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180496
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(21706011);北京市科委计划项目(Z181100005118009);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20150203005NY)
作者简介:王小艳(1980—),女,高工,博士。联系人:佟 毅(1963—),男,教授级高工,博士,电话:010-56989574,E-mail:
tongyi@cofco.com。