Page 29 - 精细化工2020年第2期

第 37 卷第 2 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.2
202 0 年 2 月 FINE CHEMICALS Feb. 2020

综论
甲醇制烃类反应机理研究进展

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程春晖，席 楠，李 辉，杨 勇，董 鹏，李贵贤
（兰州理工大学 石油化工学院，甘肃 兰州 730050）

摘要：甲醇制烃类（MTH）反应是从非石油路线出发制取各种烃类的重要途径，有着重要的基础研究和工业应
用价值，已成为煤基替代能源的研究热点之一。然而，目前对甲醇制烃类反应机理的认知、反应步骤的确认仍
存在很多争论，复杂的反应网络限制了对反应机理的分析和证实，因而减缓了反应过程的反应器设计和工艺开
发进程。本文从直接机理和间接机理两个方面，阐述了近年来 MTH 反应机理研究的主要进展，着重介绍了已
被广泛接受的烃池双循环催化机理。MTH 烃池机理涉及 6 个主要的化学过程——烯烃甲基化、烯烃裂解、氢转
移、环化、芳烃甲基化和芳烃脱烷基化。系统了解该反应机理为精准设计催化剂的晶体形貌、尺寸和孔道结构、
调控酸性位点的分布等提供理论依据，为这种复杂反应催化剂构效关系的建立奠定基础，这对煤化工发展的产
业化进程具有重要意义。
关键词：甲醇制烃类；反应网络；C—C 键；直接机理；间接机理
中图分类号：TQ211; O622.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 02-0231-11

Research progress on the reaction mechanism of methanol to hydrocarbons

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Cheng Chunhui, Xi Nan, Li Hui, Yang Yong, Dong Peng, Li Guixian
（College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China）

Abstract: Methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction is an important way to prepare various hydrocarbons
from non-petroleum route, which has important basic research and industrial application value, and has
become one of the research hotspots of coal-based alternative energy sources. However, there are still many
debates about the understanding of reaction mechanism and confirmation of reaction steps for methanol to
produce hydrocarbons. Complex reaction networks limite the analysis and verification of reaction
mechanism, which slow down the reactor design and process development of technology in these reactions.
In this paper, the main progress of MTH reaction mechanism in recent years is summarized from two
aspects of direct mechanism and indirect mechanism. The widely accepted double-cycle catalytic
mechanism of hydrocarbon pool is introduced emphatically. The MTH hydrocarbon pool mechanism
involves six major chemical processes: olefin methylation, olefin cracking, hydrogen transfer, cyclization,
aromatic methylation and aromatic dealkylation. The systematic understanding of the reaction mechanism
provides theoretical basis for the accurate design of crystal shape, size and pore structure of catalysts, and
the regulation of the distribution of acidic sites. It also lays a foundation for the establishment of
structure-activity relationship of catalysts, which is of great significance to the industrialization process of
the development of coal chemical industry.
Key words: methanol to hydrocarbons; reaction network; carbon-carbon bond; direct mechanism; indirect
mechanism

在后石油时代，燃料和烯烃的生产将依赖可取 类（methanol-to-hydrocarbons，MTH）工艺是此类
代碳源，如生物质、煤、天然气和 CO 2 。甲醇制烃 路线中的关键环节，可以通过选择合适的催化剂和

收稿日期：2019-06-18; 定用日期：2019-08-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190553
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（21666019）；甘肃省自然科学基金（18JR3RA143）
作者简介：程春晖（1995—），男，硕士生，E-mail：13383977927@163.com。联系人：李贵贤（1966—），男，教授，博士生导师，
E-mail：lgxwyf@163.com。