Page 187 - 《精细化工》2020年第7期

第 37 卷第 7 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.7
202 0 年 7 月 FINE CHEMICALS July 2020

水处理技术与环境保护
季铵盐离子液体/中性磷氧萃取剂协同萃取 Nd(Ⅲ)

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涂盛辉 1,2 ，张志文 1,2 ，张 超 ，彭海龙 ，杜 军 1,2
（1. 南昌大学 资源环境与化工学院，江西 南昌 330000；2. 南昌大学 鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重
点实验室，江西 南昌 330000）

摘要：以季铵盐离子液体甲基三辛基氯化铵（[A336][Cl]）为前驱体，通过离子交换法合成了离子液体甲基三辛
基-二(2-乙基己基)磷酯铵〔[A336][DEHP]〕，用 FTIR、NMR 对其结构进行表征及分析。以[A336][DEHP]为萃
取剂、三正 辛基氧膦（ TOPO ）为协 萃剂，考察 3 种萃取体 系 [A336][DEHP] 、 [A336][Cl]+TOPO 、
[A336][DEHP]+TOPO 对盐酸介质中 Nd(Ⅲ)的萃取效果。结果表明，[A336][DEHP]+TOPO 萃取体系有更好的协
同萃取效果。增大 NaCl 浓度及 pH，均有利于萃取进行。当 NaCl 浓度为 0.5 mol/L、pH 为 5.0、温度为 25 ℃时，
上述萃取体系对应的萃取率分别可达 85.6%、78.6%、96.5%；ΔH<0，萃取过程为放热反应，降低温度有利于萃
取过程的进行；萃取机理为离子缔合机理，萃取过程阴阳离子不会在水相中交换，因此，该体系是一种环境友
好型萃取体系；负载 Nd(Ⅲ)的有机相通过使用质量分数 5%的盐酸可以完全反萃出来，并在循环使用 5 次后仍
保持良好的萃取效果。
关键词：功能化离子液体；协同萃取；离子缔合；反萃取；水处理技术
中图分类号：X705 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 07-1469-10

Synergistic extraction of Nd(Ⅲ) by quaternary ammonium

ionic liquid/neutral organophosphorus extractant

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TU Shenghui , ZHANG Zhiwen , ZHANG Chao , PENG Hailong , DU Jun
（1. School of Resources Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi,
China; 2. Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang
University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China）
Abstract: Functionalized ionic liquid [tricaprylylmethylammonium] [di-2-ethylhexylphosphinate]
([A336][DEHP]) was synthesized by ions-exchange method using quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid
tricaprylylmethylammonium ([A336][Cl]) as precursor. The structure of the product was characterized by
FTIR and NMR. [A336][DEHP] was used as extractant, trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as synergistic
extractant to investigate the extraction efficiency of Nd(Ⅲ) by three extraction systems [A336][DEHP],
[A336][Cl]+TOPO and [A336][DEHP]+TOPO in hydrochloric acid. The results showed that
[A336][DEHP]+TOPO system exhibited better synergistic extraction effect. Increasing NaCl concentration
and pH value were favorable for extraction of Nd(Ⅲ). Under the conditions of NaCl concentration of
0.5 mol/L, pH 5.0 and temperature of 25 ℃, the extraction rate of the above corresponding extraction
system was 85.6%, 78.6% and 96.5%, respectively. The synergistic extraction process (ΔH<0) was an
exothermic reaction, and lowering the temperature was beneficial to the extraction process. The extraction
mechanism was ion association mechanism. In the extraction process, cation and anion ions did not
exchange in the aqueous phase, so the extraction system was environment-friendly. The organic phase
loaded with Nd(Ⅲ) could be completely stripped by 5% hydrochloric acid. The extraction system still had
good extraction effect after 5 times of recycling.

收稿日期：2019-12-15; 定用日期：2020-03-10; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20191169
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（31660482, 51162022）
作者简介：涂盛辉（1964—），男，教授，E-mail：tshnc@163.com。