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·340·                             精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 38 卷

                    表 3  GS-O 和 GS-S 溶液的泡沫体积                   [4]   用化学工业), 2014, 44(11): 644-651.
                                                                   ZHANG X Y (张鑫宇), ZHOU Y (周越), FAN Y (樊晔), et al. The
               Table 3    Foam volume of GS-O and GS-S solutions   progress of structure-activity relationship of Gemini surfactants[J].
                                                                   China Cleaning Industry (中国洗涤用品工业), 2019, (12): 54-61.
                                      泡沫体积/mL                  [5]   LI C P (李长平), LI Z X (李沼萱), ZHANG J H (张金辉), et al. The
             表面活性剂类型
                              0 s       180 s      300 s           research progress of highly active amphoteric Gemini surfactant[J].
                                                                   Applied Chemical Industry (应用化工), 2019, 48(9): 2235-2241.
                 GS-O         157        140        128        [6]   ZHOU M (周明), CHEN X (陈欣), QIAO X (乔欣), et al. Progress
                 GS-S         183        180        178            in the synthesis of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants[J]. Speciality
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                                                                   LI X J (郦晓筠),  YU K (余凯), ZHANG Z (张彰). Synthesis and
                 如表 3 所示,GS-S 的起泡性和泡沫稳定性均优                         properties  of sulfobetaine-type Gemini  surfactants[J]. Chemical
                                                                   Research (化学研究), 2017, 28(2): 201-205.
            于 GS-O。GS-S 因分子中同时存在两个季铵基团和                        [8]   CHEN F (陈芬). Synthesis and corrosion  resistance of amphoteric
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            一个硫酸酯基,有着较小的表面张力,说明体系形                                 39(9): 684-688.
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            成泡沫所需要的表面功比较少,且吸附在界面的分                                 Progress in field for synthesis of zwitterionic Gemini surfactants[J].
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            子较多,提高了界面膜的弹性与黏度,从而使发泡                                 47(8): 468-475.
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            能力和泡沫稳定性皆强于 GS-O。                                      Detergents. Surface active agents detergents determination of
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            和氯磺酸为原料,制备了一种连接基团上接有硫酸                                 of droplet contact angle with image analyzing method[J]. Metrology &
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            酯基的两性离子双子表面活性剂 GS-S。产物经丙酮                          [13]  CAO D H (曹丹红), FANG B (方波). Synthesis and properties of a
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            重结晶后,通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱进行结构                                 Engineering of Chinese Universities (高校化学工程学报), 2009,
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            确证,证明了合成的物质即为目标产物。                                 [14]  TANG W Y (唐伟月), GENG T (耿涛), JIANG Y J (姜亚洁), et al.
                                                                   Properties of several didecyl quaternary ammonium salts with novel
                (2)相比于结构类似的 GS-O,GS-S 具有较高                         counterions[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2015, 32(10): 1106-1111.
                                                               [15]  CUI Q H (崔庆华). Design and  synthesis of a new Gemini
                                           –4
            的表面活性,其 CMC 值为 2.3×10  mol/L,γ CMC 为                   surfactant[D]. Jinan: Shandong University (山东大学), 2007.
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            28.43 mN/m,这归因于其分子中同时具有季铵基团                            sulfonic Gemini zwitterionic viscoelastic surfactant with high salt
            和硫酸酯基的特殊结构。                                            tolerance for seawater-based clean fracturing  fluid[J]. Chemical
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                                       –4
                (3)当 GS-S 浓度为 1×10  mol/L 时,GS-S 可             [17]  RODRIGUEZ A,  MARIA M, INMACULADA R,  et al. Effects of
                                                                   ethylene glycol addition on the aggregation and micellar growth of
                                                                   Gemini surfactants[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 23(22): 9519-9525.
                                                –2
            将液体石蜡和水的界面张力降至 1.11×10  mN/m;其                     [18]  ZHAO G X (赵国玺). Surfactant physical chemistry[M]. Beijing:
            可改变水在石蜡膜的润湿状态,当 GS-S 浓度为                               Peking University Press (北京大学出版社), 1984: 1-4.
                                                               [19]  LIU K (刘坤). The effect of cationic and zwitterionic surfactants on
                 –3
            1×10  mol/L 时,使接触角从 110°左右(去离子水                        contact angle at quartz[J]. Journal of Petrochemical Universities (石
                                                                   油化工高等学校学报), 2013, 26(5): 55-59.
            在石蜡膜上的接触角)降至约 64°。                                 [20]  WANG Y K, JIANG Y J, GENG T, et al. Synthesis, surface/interfacial
                                                                   properties, and biological activity of amide-based Gemini cationic
                (4)GS-S 具有较低的盐度敏感性,当 GS-S 浓                        surfactants with hydroxyl in the spacer group[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:
                                                                   Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2019, 563: 1-10.
                       –4
            度为 2.5×10  mol/L 时,在低于 35 g/L 的 NaCl 质量            [21]  YUAN F Q (元福卿), LIU D D (刘丹丹), GUO L L (郭兰磊), et al.
                                                                   Effect of branched cationic and betaine surfactants on the wettability
            浓度环境中不析出。                                              of a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surface[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica
                                                                   Sinica (物理化学学报), 2015, 31(4): 715-721.
                (5)GS-S 具有较好的泡沫性能和乳化性能,且                       [22]  LIU X C (刘笑春), WANG D W (王大伟), ZHOU J (周进), et al.
                                                                   Preparation and performance evaluation of low interfacial tension oil
            相对于液体石蜡来说,对煤油有较好的乳化能力,                                 displacing agent HW-2[J]. Applied Chemical Industry (应用化工),
                                                                   2019, 48(12): 2886-2889.
            这可能与表面活性剂的疏水链和油相的相容性有关。                            [23]  ZHANG Q, GAO Z N, XU F, et al. Surface tension and aggregation
                                                                   properties of novel cationic  Gemini surfactants  with  diethylammonium
                 结合 GS-S 在降低油水界面张力、改变表面润                           headgroups and a diamido spacer[J]. Langmuir, 2012, 28(33): 11979-
                                                                   11987.
            湿状态和盐敏感度低等方面的优良性能可知,GS-S                           [24]  CHEN H, HAN L J, LUO P Y, et al. The interfacial tension between oil
            在油田驱油方面具有较大的应用潜力。从 GS-S 的                              and  Gemini surfactant solution[J]. Surface Science, 2004, 552(1/2/3):
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            合成角度来看,氯磺酸作为硫酸酯化试剂具有一定                             [25]  BERA A, MANDAL A, GUHA B B. Synergistic effect of surfactant
                                                                   and salt  mixture on interfacial tension reduction between  crude oil
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            可寻找合适的硫酸酯化试剂用于合成 GS-S,以充分                          [26]  GUO S F (郭淑凤). Synthesis of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant
                                                                   modified betaine surfactant MBS16 and indoor performance
            发挥 GS-S 的优良性能。                                         evaluation[J]. Oilfield Chemistry (油田化学), 2016, 33(3): 477-480, 486.
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