Page 133 - 《精细化工》2020年第2期
P. 133
第 38 卷第 2 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.2
202 1 年 2 月 FINE CHEMICALS Feb. 2021
表面活性剂
两性离子双子表面活性剂的合成与性能
*
曹玉朋,杨伟光,姜亚洁,王亚魁,鞠洪斌,耿 涛
(中国日用化学工业研究院,山西 太原 030001)
摘要:以十二烷基二甲基叔胺、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇和氯磺酸为原料合成了一种连接基团上接有硫酸酯基的两性离
子双子表面活性剂(GS-S)。产物结构经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱进行确证,并对其表面张力、润湿性、油水界
面张力、耐盐性、泡沫性和乳化性等性质进行了测试。结果表明,与结构相似的阳离子双子表面活性剂(GS-O)
–4
相比,合成的 GS-S 具有较高的表面活性、良好的乳化能力和泡沫性能,临界胶束浓度(CMC)仅为 2.3×10 mol/L,
–4
临界表面张力(γ CMC )为 28.43 mN/m;当 GS-S 浓度为 1×10 mol/L 时,可将油水界面张力降至低界面张力
–3
–2
(1.11×10 mN/m);可改变水在石蜡膜上的润湿状态,当 GS-S 浓度为 1×10 mol/L 时,接触角从 110°左右
(去离子水在石蜡膜上的接触角)降至约 64°;另外,其还具有良好的耐盐性(NaCl 质量浓度<35 g/L 时不
析出)。
关键词:两性离子双子表面活性剂;硫酸酯基;表面活性;稳定性;泡沫性能;表面活性剂
中图分类号:TQ423.3 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 02-0335-06 开放科学 (资源服务) 标识码 (OSID):
Synthesis and properties of a zwitterionic Gemini surfactant
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CAO Yupeng, YANG Weiguang, JIANG Yajie, WANG Yakui, JU Hongbin, GENG Tao
(China Research Institute of Daily Chemical Industry, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China)
Abstract: A zwitterionic Gemini surfactant (GS-S) with sulfate group on the spacer group was prepared
from dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and chlorosulfonic acid. The structure of the
product was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy. And
the surface tension, wettability, oil-water interfacial tension, salt tolerance, foamability and emulsification
were tested. The results showed that compared with cationic Gemini surfactant (GS-O) with similar
structure, GS-S had higher surface activity, good emulsifying ability and foaming performance. The critical
–4
micelle concentration (CMC) value of GS-S was only 2.3×10 mol/L, and the critical surface tension (γ CMC)
value was 28.43 mN/m. GS-S could reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to low interfacial tension
–2
–4
(1.11×10 mN/m) when the concentration of GS-S was 1.0×10 mol/L. Moreover, GS-S could change the
wetting state of water on the paraffin film, the contact angle was reduced from about 110° (contact angle of
–3
deionized water on paraffin film) to about 64° when the concentration of GS-S was 1.0×10 mol/L. It
exhibited excellent salt resistance (it didn't precipitate when the NaCl mass concentration was lower than 35 g/L).
Key words: zwitterionic Gemini surfactant; sulfate group; surface active; stability; foam property;
surfactants
双子表面活性剂是两个相同或几乎相同的两亲 备、金属防腐以及生物医学领域中的应用 [2-3] 。随着
成分,在其头基或靠近头基处由连接基团通过化学键 时代的发展,传统的表面活性剂在某些方面(如杀菌
[1]
将两亲成分连接在一起而成的表面活性剂 。因其结 消毒和石油开采等)已经无法满足生产和工业上的需
构的特殊性,促进了双子表面活性剂在纳米材料制 求,因此发展新型的双子表面活性剂显得尤为重要。
收稿日期:2020-08-06; 定用日期:2020-10-15; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200727
基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助(2017YFB0308900);伽蓝研究基金资助(JALA 2018)
作者简介:曹玉朋(1995—),男,硕士生。联系人:耿 涛(1973—),男,教授级高工,E-mail:ridcigt@ 163.com。