Page 71 - 《精细化工》2022年第10期

第 39 卷第 10 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.10
2022 年 10 月 FINE CHEMICALS Oct. 2022

综论
零价铁材料还原水中硝酸盐的研究进展

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任 爽 ，王 鹏 ，王亚娥 ，李 杰 1,2,3 ，胡凯耀 ，
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梁津铭 ，朱红娟 ，彭钰卓
（1. 兰州交通大学 环境与市政工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730070；2. 甘肃省膜科学技术研究院有限公司，
甘肃 兰州 730020；3. 甘肃省非常规水资源化利用技术重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730020）
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摘要：零价铁（ZVI）作为一种活性金属，因其高效、无毒、价廉和来源丰富而被广泛用于硝酸盐（NO 3 ）的还
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原。尽管 ZVI 对硝酸盐有较高的去除效率，但传统 ZVI 法还原 NO 3 的主要产物是 NH 4 ，其会对水体造成二次污
染。此外，反应过程中形成的铁氧化物会抑制电子传递，从而使 ZVI 难以长时间维持高反应活性，对 pH 有较
高的依赖。目前乃至今后的重点研究方向是开发或改善现有 ZVI 复合材料、耦合微生物工艺等手段以降低 pH
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对反应的限制及还原产物中 NH 4 的比例，同时将其脱氮性能进一步优化提升。该文介绍了 ZVI 对 NO 3 的作用效
能和去除机制，阐述了理化特性、pH、温度、溶解氧等因素对 ZVI 化学反硝化效能的影响，涵盖了 ZVI 还原硝
酸盐的各项性能强化措施。最后归纳了 ZVI 材料在实际脱氮中需要注意的问题，对其未来发展前景进行了展望。
关键词：零价铁；硝酸盐；废水脱氮；反应原理；复合材料；强化措施
中图分类号：X52 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2022) 10-2005-11

Research progress on reduction of nitrates in water

by zero-valent iron materials

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REN Shuang , WANG Peng , WANG Ya'e , LI Jie 1,2,3 , HU Kaiyao ,
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LIANG Jinming , ZHU Hongjuan , PENG Yuzhuo
（1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;
2. Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China; 3. Key
Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu,
China）
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Abstract: Zero-valent iron (ZVI), an active metal, has been widely used for the reduction of nitrate (NO 3 )
due to its high efficiency, non-toxicity, low cost and abundance. Although ZVI exhibits high removal
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efficiency for nitrate, NH 4 , the main product of NO 3 reduction by traditional ZVI method, will cause
secondary pollution to water bodies. Moreover, the iron oxide formed during the reaction will inhibit
electron transfer, which makes it difficult for ZVI to maintain its high reactivity for long term use, leading
to a high dependence on pH. Therefore, the key research direction, at present or even in the future, is to
develop or improve the existing ZVI composite materials, coupled microbial technology and other means to
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reduce the influence of pH on the reaction and the amount of NH 4 in the reduction products, and to further
optimize the nitrogen removal performance of ZVI. In this review, the removal effect and mechanism of
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ZVI for NO 3 was firstly introduced, followed by discussions on the influence of physical and chemical
properties, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and other factors on the chemical denitrification efficiency of
ZVI as well as the variety of performance enhancement measures. Finally, the problems needed to be
addressed in the actual denitrification of ZVI materials were summarized, and the future development
prospects were explored.
Key words: zero-valentiron; nitrate; denitrification of wastewater; reaction principle; composite materials;
strengthening measures

收稿日期：2022-02-15; 定用日期：2022-06-07; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220129
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51768032）
作者简介：任 爽（1998—），男，硕士生，E-mail：1334054183@qq.com。联系人：王亚娥（1964—），女，教授，E-mail：wye@mail.lzjtu.cn。