Page 134 - 《精细化工》2023年第2期
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第 40 卷第 2 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.40, No.2
             20 23 年 2 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                  Feb.  2023

              有机电化学与工业

                    废铅膏湿法回收过程中铜的电化学行为及净化



                                                         1
                                                                      1*
                                1
                                            1
                                                                                                  1
                      谭力玮 ,熊   颖 ,李纪鹏 ,孙艳芝 ,潘军青                                     1,2 ,陈咏梅
                 (1.  北京化工大学  新危险化学品评估及事故鉴定基础研究实验室,北京  100029;2.  北京化工大学  资
                 源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京  100029)
                                                               2+
                 摘要:对甲磺酸湿法回收废铅酸蓄电池过程中典型杂质 Cu 的电化学行为及其净化方法进行了研究。结果表明,
                                        2+
                   2+
                 Cu 在电解过程中优先于 Pb 析出,造成电解铅纯度的下降,同时使还原铅的电流效率下降、能耗增大。Cu                                   2+
                              2+
                                                  2+
                 的存在改变了 Pb 的成核机理,从而使 Pb 的还原电位正移。针对甲磺酸铅体系的特点,基于铅粉置换铜原理,
                 提出采用流态法净化工艺代替传统的搅拌置换法,解决了搅拌法单次除铜净化铅粉消耗量大、净化成本高、效
                 率低的缺点。在最佳除铜工艺条件(铅粉粒径为 100~150 目、温度为 20  ℃、流速 8~10 m/h、填充的铅粉柱高 0.6~
                                                                         2+
                 0.7 cm)下,采用流态化除铜工艺对实际废铅膏进行了净化处理,杂质 Cu 去除率能够达到 90%以上。
                 关键词:废铅酸蓄电池;回收;甲磺酸;铜杂质;净化;有机电化学
                 中图分类号:TF812      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2023) 02-0356-09


                          Electrochemical behavior and purification of copper in the
                       hydrometallurgical recycling process of waste lead-acid battery


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                     TAN Liwei , XIONG Ying , LI Jipeng , SUN Yanzhi , PAN Junqing , CHEN Yongmei
                 (1. National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis,
                 Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing  100029, China;  2. State Key Laboratory of  Chemical Resource
                 Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China)
                 Abstract:  The electrochemical behavior and  purification method  of  typical impurity Cu 2+   in the wet
                 recovery process of waste lead-acid battery using methanesulfonic acid were studied. The results showed
                       2+
                                                        2+
                 that Cu  was preferentially precipitated over Pb  in the electrolysis process, resulting in purity reduction of
                 electrolytic lead, current efficiency decrease of lead reduction and energy consumption increase.  The
                                                                  2+
                                                                                              2+
                              2+
                 existence of Cu  changed the nucleation mechanism of Pb , leading to a positive shift of Pb  reduction
                 potential. Based on the  principle of substitution  of  copper with lead powder, the  fluidized purification
                 process was proposed herein according to the characteristics of lead methanesulfonate system to solve the
                 problems of large lead powder consumption, high purification cost and low efficiency in the traditional agitation
                 method. Under the optimized process conditions: lead powder particle size of 100~150 mesh, temperature of
                                                                                                       2+
                 20  ℃, flow rate of 8~10 m/h, and lead powder filled column height of 0.6~0.7 cm, the removal rate of Cu
                 from the actual waste lead paste via the fluidized purification process could reach more than 90%.
                 Key words:  waste  lead-acid battery; recycle;  methanesulfonic acid; copper impurity; purification;
                 organic electrochemistry


                                                     [1]
                 废铅酸蓄电池的回收一直是研究的热点 。目                          收废铅酸蓄电池的主要方法之一               [3-4] 。目前,传统的
                                                [2]
            前,铅回收主要通过火法工艺进行回收 ,但火法                             基于强酸性体系的电沉积回收铅工艺具有较多缺
            回收易产生粉尘,对环境污染大。湿法工艺可以有                             点。以柏兹(BEETS)法为代表的铅回收工艺需要
            效避免这些缺陷,其中,电解回收金属铅是湿法回                             使用氟硼酸/氟硅酸作为电解液,含氟酸的使用会导

                 收稿日期:2022-05-25;  定用日期:2022-08-15; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220496
                 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1908303)
                 作者简介:谭力玮(1995—),男,硕士生,E-mail:tliwei01@163.com。联系人:孙艳芝(1977—),女,教授,E-mail:sunyz@buct.
                 edu.cn。
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