Page 146 - 精细化工2019年第12期

·2474· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS
a—BP；b—ABP-1；c—ABP-2；d—ABP-3
图 8 多糖对 α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制的双倒数曲线
Fig. 8 Lineweaver-Burk plots of polysaccharides to
α-glucosidase
由图 8 可以看出，不同质量浓度样品溶液与对
照组（未加多糖）得到的直线均交于 y 轴上一点，
而且米氏常数 K m （x 轴截距的负倒数）随着抑制剂
质量浓度的增加而增加，最大反应速率 V max （y 轴
截距的倒数）基本保持不变。因此，BP、ABP-1、
ABP-2、ABP-3 对 α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性是典型的竞
争性抑制 [32] 。根据竞争性抑制动力学方程
BP、ABP-1、ABP-2、ABP-3 的抑制常数 K i 分别为
0.309、0.129、0.123 和 0.083 g/L。通常，K i 越小，
抑制效果越好 [32] ，此结果和 2.6 节得到的结论一致。
自然界中，很多不同来源的多糖对 α-葡萄糖苷酶也
呈现出竞争性抑制类型，如 Qian 等人 [33] 和赵笑笑等
人 [34] 分别发现大麦多糖和绞股蓝内生真菌多糖对 α-
葡萄糖苷酶均呈现竞争性抑制类型。目前，应用于
临床的阿卡波糖、伏格列醇等药物作用机理也是竞
争性抑制 [35] 。
3 结论
制备的不同取代度的黑穗醋栗果实乙酰化多糖
（ABP-1、ABP-2、ABP-3）与黑穗醋栗果实多糖（BP）
均为酸性杂多糖，且均不存在三螺旋结构。乙酰化
修饰没有改变黑穗醋栗果实多糖单糖组成的种类，
但是各单糖的摩尔分数发生变化。与 BP 相比，SEM
结果显示乙酰化多糖空间结构发生改变，形状变得
第 36 卷
不规则。体外活性实验表明，乙酰化多糖比 BP 具
有更高的清除自由基清除活性和更强的 α-淀粉酶和
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性，且对 α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑
制机理属于可逆竞争性抑制。因此，乙酰化修饰是
增强黑穗醋栗果实多糖自由基清除活性、α-淀粉酶
和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的有效方法。
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