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第 36 卷第 7 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.36, No.7
             201 9 年 7 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 J  u  l  y      2019


              中药现代化技术
                  全叶青兰花的挥发油成分分析及其除草活性检测



                                                                                   1,2
                                 周世兴      1,2 ,魏彩霞      1,2 ,Nigora Kuchkarova ,
                                                  1
                                         韩彩霞 ,金光照              1,2 ,邵   华    1,2*
                 〔1.  中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室(中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所),新疆维吾
                 尔自治区  乌鲁木齐    830011;2.  中国科学院大学,北京    100049〕


                 摘要:运用水蒸气蒸馏法对全叶青兰(Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge)盛花期的花进行了挥发性成分提取,
                 以气相色谱-质谱联用法对全叶青兰花的挥发油成分进行了组成成分分析并对其植物毒活性进行了检测。共 33
                 种挥发油成分被鉴定,主要为单萜、含氧单萜、倍半萜和含氧倍半萜成分。全叶青兰花的挥发油主要成分为桉
                 叶油醇(Eucalyptol,15.55%)、红没药醇(α-bisabolol,10.29%)、顺式-(+)-橙花叔醇〔nerolidol,cis-(+)-,8.81%〕、
                 β-蒎烯(β-pinene,8.25%)、罗勒烯〔(E)-β-ocimene,7.44%〕和 α-侧柏烯(α-thujene,5.45%)。全叶青兰花挥
                 发油在 2 mL/L 的用量下即完全抑制反枝苋和早熟禾种子萌发,同时对稗的幼苗生长也表现出一定的抑制作用,
                 其总体趋势为低促高抑。
                 关键词:全叶青兰;挥发油;气相色谱-质谱联用;水蒸气蒸馏法;芳香植物;植物毒活性;中药现代化技术
                 中图分类号:TQ651+.2; O657.63      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 07-1352-05



                   Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Activity of the Essential Oil of
                           Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge (Labiatae) Flowers


                                                                                    1,2
                                                               1,2
                                                 1,2
                                   ZHOU Shi-xing , WEI Cai-xia , Nigora Kuchkarova ,
                                                   1
                                                                   1,2
                                       HAN Cai-xia , JIN Guang-zhao , SHAO Hua  1,2*
                 (1.  Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in  Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,
                 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2. University of Chinese
                 Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
                 Abstract:  The  essential  oil  from  the  flowers  of  Dracocephalum integrifolium  Bunge  was  isolated  by
                 hydrodistillation. The chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and the phytotoxic activity was tested.
                 Thirty three compounds were identified, which was mainly composed of monoterpenes, oxygen-containing
                 monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes. The main constituents of the oil were
                 eucalyptol (15.55%), α-bisabolol (10.29%), nerolidol, cis-(+)- (8.81%), β-pinene (8.25%), (E)-β-ocimene
                 (7.44%)  and  α-thujene  (5.45%).  The  essential  oil  completely  inhibited  the  seed  growth  of  Amaranthus
                 retroflexus and Poa annua at 2 mL/L. Meanwhile, it exhibited certain activity on the growth of Echinochloa
                 crusgalli. In general, the oil possessed promotive activity at low concentration and inhibitory activity at
                 high concentration.
                 Key words: Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge; essential oil; GC-MS; hydrodistillation; aromatic plant;
                 phytotoxic activity;modernization technology of traditonal Chinese medicines



                 青兰属(Dracocephalum Linn.)为唇形科多年                于东北、华北、西北及西南,仅新疆就有 14 种及 1
            生或一年生草本,约 60 种,主要分布于亚洲温带,                          个变种   [1-2] 。全叶青兰(Dracocephalum integrifolium
            多在高山及半干旱地区,少数延至中欧及北欧,    Bunge)为青兰属多年生草本植物,维吾尔族称其为
            1 种分布于北美。中国约有 32 种及 7 个变种,分布                       马尔赞居西,是新疆少数民族普遍应用的一种民族


                 收稿日期:2018-11-12;  定用日期:2019-03-04; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180837
                 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31770586)
                 作者简介:周世兴(1992—),男,硕士生。联系人:邵   华(1969—),女,研究员,E-mail: shaohua@ms.xjb.ac.cn。
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