Page 18 - 精细化工2019年第8期
P. 18
·1506· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 36 卷
进行反应,可以将 L-谷氨酸钠转化成 3-氰基丙酸酯, Studies on the roles of vanadyl sulfate and sodium nitrite in catalytic
oxidation of benzyl alcohol with molecular oxygen[J]. Science China
收率可达 91%(摩尔分数)。此外,L-赖氨酸盐酸 (Chemistry) (中国科学:化学), 2015, (5): 526-532.
盐可选择性脱羧生成相应的 ω-氨基腈,并根据阴极 [2] Scott E, Peter F, Sanders J. Biomass in the manufacture of industrial
products — the use of proteins and amino acids[J]. Applied
提供的电荷量和酸度调节产物,例如:Ni 在酸性条 Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2007, 75(4): 751-762.
件下会促进腈加氢产生胺。 [3] Zoebelein H, Böllert V. Dictionary of renewable resources[M].
Wiley-VCH, 2001: 221-224
3.4 光催化脱羧 [4] Verduyckt J, De Vos D E. Controlled defunctionalisation of biobased
可见光催化反应是近年来氨基酸脱羧领域新发 organic acids[J]. Chemical Communications, 2017, 53(42): 5682-5693.
[5] Froidevaux V, Negrell C, Caillol S, et al. Biobasedamines: from
展的一种催化手段,因为其环保性而备受重视。2014 synthesis to polymers; present and future[J]. Chemical Reviews,
年,Carlo [41] 等报道了以氨基酸为原料,有机吖啶作 2016, 116(22): 14181-14224.
[6] Dawes G J S, Scott E L, Le Nôtre J, et al. Deoxygenation of biobased
为光敏剂,通过脱羧反应制备具有生物活性的胺。 molecules by decarboxylation and decarbonylation- a review on the
同年,Zuo [42] 等将可见光引入催化体系,催化 L-脯 role of heterogeneous, homogeneous and bio-catalysis[J]. Green
Chemistry, 2015, 17(6): 3231-3250.
氨酸并与对苯二腈偶联。引入可见光后,反应可以 [7] Rontein D, Nishida I, Tashiro G, et al. Plants synthesize ethanolamine
by direct decarboxylation of serine using a pyridoxal phosphate
在温和条件下发生。更为常见的是,TiO 2 光催化活 enzyme[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001, 276(38): 35523-
性被众所周知,并且其降解有机化合物的能力也被 35529.
[8] Könst P M, Franssen M C R, Scott E L, et al. Stabilization and
研究。锐钛矿/金红石型的 TiO 2 是对乙酰丙酸的脱羧 immobilization of trypanosomabruceiornithine decarboxylase for the
具有催化活性的,主要生成甲基乙基酮,在高浓度 biobased production of 1,4-diaminobutane[J]. Green Chemistry,
2011, 13(5): 1167-1174.
下进一步转化为 CO 2 。 [9] Könst P M, Franssen M C R, Scott E L, et al. A study on the
applicability of l-aspartate α-decarboxylase in the biobased production
4 结束语 of nitrogen containing chemicals[J]. Green Chemistry, 2009, 11(10):
1646-1652.
[10] Brandt A, Gräsvik J, Hallett J, et al. Cutting-edge research for a
脱羧反应是有机化学中一类重要的化学反应, greener sustainable future[J]. Green Chemistry, 2013, 15(3): 550.
[11] Médici R, de María P D, Otten L G, et al. A high-throughput
氨基酸可以通过多种生物资源通过简单的处理方法
screening assay for amino acid decarboxylase activity[J]. Advanced
获得,是常见的有机合成原料。目前,通过生物法 Synthesis & Catalysis, 2011, 353(13): 2369-2376.
[12] Foti M, Médici R, Ruijssenaars H J. Biological production of
对氨基酸脱羧的研究工作较多,涉及的氨基酸种类 monoethanolamine by engineered Pseudomonas putida S12[J].
也最为丰富,但是由于生物酶在使用过程中的局限 Journal of Biotechnology, 2013, 167(3): 344-349.
[13] Zelechonok Y, Silverman R B. Silver(Ⅰ)/peroxydisulfate-induced
性,如反应条件苛刻以及酶的价格高昂等原因,使 oxidative decarboxylation of amino acids. A chemical model for a
得生物法在大规模工业生产应用十分受限。至于热 possible intermediate in the monoamine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation
of amines[J]. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1992, 57(21): 5787-5790.
力学与电化学对氨基酸的脱羧,发展历史较短,虽 [14] Cornella J, Sanchez C, Banawa D, et al. Silver-
然机理研究相对成熟,但目前在氨基酸脱羧领域仍 catalysedprotodecarboxylation of ortho-substituted benzoic acids[J].
Chemimal Communications, 2009, 46: 7176-7178.
处于实验室研究阶段。通过化学方法进行氨基酸脱 [15] Cadot S, Rameau N, Mangematin S, et al. Preparation of functional
羧具有巨大的发展潜力。 styrenes from biosourced carboxylic acids by copper catalyzed
decarboxylation in PEG[J]. Green Chemistry, 2014, 16(6): 3089-
未来中国环保领域的监管将长期趋严,环保因 3097.
素将持续对化工产业产生深远的影响,环境排放成 [16] Bi H, Zhao L, Liang Y, et al. The copper-catalyzed decarboxylative
coupling of the sp3-hybridized carbon atoms of α-amino acids[J].
本只会越来越高。因此,开发低能耗、高转化率的 Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2009, 48(4): 792-795.
[17] Li H, Teng Q, Guan M, et al. Aldehyde- and ketone-induced tandem
工艺路线有益于降低长期的环境成本。非均相催化
decarboxylation-coupling (Csp3−Csp) of natural α-amino acids and
剂具有容易分离、负载量低、催化效率高等特点, alkynes[J]. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2010, 75(3): 783-788.
[18] Boto A, Hernández R, Suárez E. Tandem radical decarboxylation−
因此,非均相催化剂在氨基酸脱羧领域具有巨大发 oxidation of amino acids: amild and efficient method for the
展潜力和较高的实际应用价值。中国少数高等院校 generation of N-acyliminium ions and their nucleophilic trapping[J].
Tetrahedron Letters, 1999, 31(49): 5945-5948.
课题组在氨基酸催化转化领域进行了系统的基础研 [19] Yan Y, Wang Z. Metal-free intramolecular oxidative decarboxylative
究,理论成果丰富。但是在工业化方面与国外仍有 amination of primary α-amino acids with product selectivity[J].
Cheminform, 2011: 9513-9515.
较大差距。 [20] Ford J P, Immer J G, Lamb H H. Palladium catalysts for fatty acid
氨基酸行业产能将在近几年大量释放,更多小 deoxygenation: influence of the support and fatty acid chain length
on decarboxylation kinetics[J]. Topics in Catalysis, 2012, 55(3/4):
品种氨基酸以及氨基酸的下游产品将会进入中国的 175-184.
市场,对下游产品的研发与工业化生产将会是未来 [21] Immer J G, Lamb H H. Fed-batch catalytic deoxygenation of free
fatty acids[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(24): 5291-5299.
氨基酸领域发展的方向。 [22] De Schouwer F, Claes L, Claes N, et al. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation
of glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid to bio-based 2-pyrrolidone[J].
参考文献: Green Chemistry, 2015, 17(4): 2263-2270.
[1] Liu Junxia (刘俊霞), Ma Jiping (马继平), Cai Jiaying (蔡嘉莹). (下转第 1512 页)