Page 182 - 《精细化工》2020年第1期
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第 37 卷第 1 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.1
202 0 年 1 月 FINE CHEMICALS Jan. 2020
油田化学品与油品添加剂
3,6-二叔丁基咔唑在Ⅱ类基础油中的抗氧化性能
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李朝明 ,周 璟 ,郭巧霞 ,任申勇 ,申宝剑
〔1. 中国石油大学(北京) 理学院,北京 102249;2. 中国石油大学(北京) 重质油国家重点实验室,
北京 102249〕
摘要:以氯代叔丁烷为烷基化试剂,AlCl 3 为催化剂,在无水无氧条件下合成了 3,6-二叔丁基咔唑,分离收率 53%,
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并用 HNMR 和 13 CNMR 对产物的结构进行表征。将 3,6-二叔丁基咔唑作为润滑油抗氧剂,与有机钼助剂钼酸
酯(MoE)复配,以 0.8%的质量分数加入Ⅱ类基础油中,用 DSC 动态法和旋转氧弹法(RPVOT)对其抗氧化
性能进行了评价。DSC 动态法结果显示,3,6-二叔丁基咔唑可以有效提高Ⅱ类基础油的氧化安定性和热稳定性,
将起始氧化温度提高 50.9 ℃;和 MoE 复配以后可以将起始氧化温度提高 66.3 ℃。旋转氧弹法结果表明,3,6-
二叔丁基咔唑可以将Ⅱ类基础油的氧化诱导期提高到 2 倍,和 MoE 复配后可以将氧化诱导期提高到 2.5 倍。油
溶性测试表明,在咔唑苯环上引入叔丁基后提高了咔唑在Ⅱ类基础油中的溶解性。
关键词:咔唑;烷基化;润滑油抗氧剂;抗氧化性能;油品添加剂
中图分类号:TE624.82 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 01-0168-06
Antioxidant properties of 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole in group Ⅱ base oil
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Li Chaoming , Zhou Jing , Guo Qiaoxia , Ren Shenyong , Shen Baojian
(1. College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of
Heavy Oil, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China)
Abstract: 3,6-Di-tert-butylcarbazole was synthesized under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions by using
2-chloro-2-methylpropane as alkylation reagent and AlCl 3 as catalyst with an isolated yield of 53%. The
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structure of the product was characterized by HNMR and CNMR. 3,6-Di-tert-butylcarbazole was used as
an antioxidant agent of lubricating oil, and then it was compounded with an organic molybdenum additive,
organic molybdate (MoE). Subsequently, 0.8% mass fraction of this compound was added into group Ⅱ
base oil. The antioxidant performance of group Ⅱ base oil was evaluated by differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) dynamic method and rotary pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT). DSC results
showed that 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole effectively improved the oxidation stability and thermal stability of
group Ⅱ base oil. The initial oxidation temperature of the sample by adding 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole was
increased by 50.9 ℃, while that of group Ⅱ base oil by adding the compound of 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole
and MoE was increased by 66.3 ℃. RPVOT results revealed that 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole could increase
the oxidation induction period of group Ⅱ base oil to 2 times, the compound of it and MoE could increase
the oxidation induction period to 2.5 times. The oil solubility test displayed that the introduction of
tert-butyl groups on the carbazole benzene ring increased the solubility of carbazole in group Ⅱ base oil.
Key words: carbazole; alkylation; lubricating oil antioxidant; oxidation resistance; petroleum additives
众所周知,摩擦是自然界最普遍的现象之一。 废,因此,机械设备在使用过程中必须加入润滑油
世界上有 1/3~1/2 的能源消耗在各种形式的摩擦中, 以减少摩擦带来的损失 [1-3] 。润滑油在使用过程中难
有将近 80%的零件在使用过程中因为摩擦磨损而报 免会与光、空气、高温和金属接触,并在其作用下
收稿日期:2019-05-15; 定用日期:2019-07-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190441
作者简介:李朝明(1992—),男,硕士生,E-mail:1099593931@qq.com。联系人:郭巧霞(1964—),女,副教授,博士,电话:
010-89739112,E-mail:qxguo@cup.edu.cn。