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第 37 卷第 1 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.37, No.1
             202 0 年 1 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Jan.    2020


              油田化学品与油品添加剂
                   3,6-二叔丁基咔唑在Ⅱ类基础油中的抗氧化性能



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                             李朝明 ,周   璟 ,郭巧霞 ,任申勇 ,申宝剑
                 〔1.  中国石油大学(北京)  理学院,北京    102249;2.  中国石油大学(北京)  重质油国家重点实验室,
                 北京    102249〕
                 摘要:以氯代叔丁烷为烷基化试剂,AlCl 3 为催化剂,在无水无氧条件下合成了 3,6-二叔丁基咔唑,分离收率 53%,
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                 并用 HNMR 和    13 CNMR 对产物的结构进行表征。将 3,6-二叔丁基咔唑作为润滑油抗氧剂,与有机钼助剂钼酸
                 酯(MoE)复配,以 0.8%的质量分数加入Ⅱ类基础油中,用 DSC 动态法和旋转氧弹法(RPVOT)对其抗氧化
                 性能进行了评价。DSC 动态法结果显示,3,6-二叔丁基咔唑可以有效提高Ⅱ类基础油的氧化安定性和热稳定性,
                 将起始氧化温度提高 50.9  ℃;和 MoE 复配以后可以将起始氧化温度提高 66.3  ℃。旋转氧弹法结果表明,3,6-
                 二叔丁基咔唑可以将Ⅱ类基础油的氧化诱导期提高到 2 倍,和 MoE 复配后可以将氧化诱导期提高到 2.5 倍。油
                 溶性测试表明,在咔唑苯环上引入叔丁基后提高了咔唑在Ⅱ类基础油中的溶解性。
                 关键词:咔唑;烷基化;润滑油抗氧剂;抗氧化性能;油品添加剂
                 中图分类号:TE624.82      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 01-0168-06


                 Antioxidant properties of 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole in group  Ⅱ  base oil


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                            Li Chaoming , Zhou Jing , Guo Qiaoxia , Ren Shenyong , Shen Baojian
                 (1. College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing    102249, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of
                 Heavy Oil, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing    102249, China)
                 Abstract: 3,6-Di-tert-butylcarbazole was synthesized under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions by using
                 2-chloro-2-methylpropane as alkylation reagent and AlCl 3 as catalyst with an isolated yield of 53%. The
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                 structure of the product was characterized by  HNMR and  CNMR. 3,6-Di-tert-butylcarbazole was used as
                 an antioxidant agent of lubricating oil, and then it was compounded with an organic molybdenum additive,
                 organic molybdate (MoE). Subsequently, 0.8% mass fraction of this compound was added into group  Ⅱ
                 base  oil.  The  antioxidant  performance  of  group  Ⅱ  base  oil  was  evaluated  by  differential  scanning
                 calorimetry  (DSC)  dynamic  method  and  rotary  pressure  vessel  oxidation  test  (RPVOT).  DSC  results
                 showed that 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole effectively improved the oxidation stability and thermal stability of
                 group  Ⅱ  base oil. The initial oxidation temperature of the sample by adding 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole was
                 increased by 50.9  ℃, while that of group  Ⅱ  base oil by adding the compound of 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole
                 and MoE was increased by 66.3  ℃. RPVOT results revealed that 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole could increase
                 the oxidation induction period of group  Ⅱ  base oil to 2 times, the compound of it and MoE could increase
                 the  oxidation  induction  period  to  2.5  times.  The  oil  solubility  test  displayed  that  the  introduction  of
                 tert-butyl groups on the carbazole benzene ring increased the solubility of carbazole in group  Ⅱ  base oil.
                 Key words: carbazole; alkylation; lubricating oil antioxidant; oxidation resistance; petroleum additives


                 众所周知,摩擦是自然界最普遍的现象之一。                          废,因此,机械设备在使用过程中必须加入润滑油
            世界上有 1/3~1/2 的能源消耗在各种形式的摩擦中,                       以减少摩擦带来的损失          [1-3] 。润滑油在使用过程中难
            有将近 80%的零件在使用过程中因为摩擦磨损而报                           免会与光、空气、高温和金属接触,并在其作用下


                 收稿日期:2019-05-15;  定用日期:2019-07-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190441
                 作者简介:李朝明(1992—),男,硕士生,E-mail:1099593931@qq.com。联系人:郭巧霞(1964—),女,副教授,博士,电话:
                 010-89739112,E-mail:qxguo@cup.edu.cn。
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