Page 125 - 《精细化工》2021年第8期
P. 125
第 8 期 薄晓帆,等: 溶胶-凝胶法制介孔 Pd/m-TiO 2 催化连续流 Suzuki 偶联反应 ·1619·
唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐。在连续流工艺中使用 Pd/C 12184-12188.
催化剂时,在 6.8 min 内可获得 89%的反应收率(序 [7] BORKOWSKI T, TRZECIAK A M, BUKOWSKI W, et al.
Palladium(0) nanoparticles formed in situ in the Suzuki-Miyaura
号 6),而自制 0.7% Pd/m-TiO 2 催化剂在相同时间内 reaction: The effect of a palladium( Ⅱ ) precursor[J]. Applied
可获得 99%的反应收率(序号 8)。 Catalysis A General, 2010, 378(1): 83-89.
[8] WANG H B, ZHANG Y H, YANG H L, et al. Palladium
3 结论 immobilized in the nanocages of SBA-16: An efficient and recyclable
catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction[J]. Microporous & Mesoporous
Materials, 2013, 168(1): 65-72.
通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有有序介孔结构的 [9] ZIM D, MONTERIO A L. PdCl 2(SEt 2) 2 and Pd(OAc) 2: Simple and
Pd/m-TiO 2 催化剂,Pd 负载量为 0.1%~1.0%,介孔 efficient catalyst precursors for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction[J].
Tetrahedron Letters, 2001, 41(43): 8199-8202.
孔径在 8.7~10.2 nm 之间,Pd 粒子均匀分布在载体 [10] DAS P, SHARMA D, SHIL A K, et al. Solid-supported palladium
上,粒子尺寸为 11.3~13.3 nm,制备过程中加入的 nano and microparticles: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for
ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction[J]. Tetrahedron
PVP 有效控制了 Pd 粒子尺寸,避免了以往负载型
Letters, 2011, 52(11): 1176-1178.
Pd 催化剂中经常出现的 Pd 团聚现象。在微填充床 [11] LI R (李瑞), BAI X F (白雪峰). Research progress in palladium
反应器中进行了连续流 Pd/m-TiO 2 催化溴苯与苯硼 ligand catalysts on Suzuki coupling reactions[J]. Chemistry and
Adhesion (化学与粘合), 2011, 33(4): 55-59.
酸的 Suzuki 偶联反应,确定了最优工艺条件: [12] WU L (吴莉), LONG Y (龙雨), MA J T (马建泰), et al. Research
DMF/H 2 O〔V(DMF)∶V(H 2 O)=1∶1〕为溶剂,碱为 progress of catalytic system for Suzuki reaction[J]. Journal of
Molecular Catalysts (分子催化), 2019, 33(3): 263-273.
K 3 PO 4 ,流速为 0.20 mL/min,溴苯、苯硼酸和 K 3 PO 4
[13] ANGELATOS A S, WANG Y J, CARUSO F. Probing the
的浓度分别为 0.10、0.12 和 0.15 mol/L,Pd 负载量 conformation of polyelectrolytes in mesoporous silica spheres[J].
为 0.7%,反应温度 80 ℃,6.8 min 内反应收率达 Langmuir, 2008, 24(8): 4224-4230.
[14] CHRISTENSEN C H, JOHANNSEN K, SCHMIDT I, et al.
99%。不同离去基团取代芳烃在该连续流工艺条件 Catalytic benzene alkylation over mesoporous zeolite single crystals:
Improving activity and selectivity with a new family of porous
下反应收率均达到了 99%。此外,0.7% Pd/m-TiO 2
催化剂使用 5 次后,反应收率仍达 97%,所制备的 materials[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003,
125(44): 13370-13371.
催化剂具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性能。该连 [15] HAN Y J, KIM J M, STUCKY G D. Preparation of noble metal
续流合成工艺具有以下优点:(1)易于实现进料自 nanowires using hexagonal mesoporous silica SBA-15[J]. Chemistry
of Materials, 2000, 12(8): 2068-2069.
动化、反应全程连续化;(2)反应效率明显提升, [16] RIVALLAN M, SEGUIN E, THOMAS S, et al. Platinum sintering
反应时间可由间歇法工艺中的 1 h 缩短至 6.8 min; on H-ZSM-5 followed by chemometrics of CO adsorption and 2D
(3)通过在线洗涤和干燥,可将含有负载型催化剂 pressure-jump IR spectroscopy of adsorbed species[J]. Angewandte
Chemie International Edition, 2010, 49(4): 785-789.
的微填充床反应器实现整体式重复利用,避免了催 [17] PLUTSCHACK M B, PIEBER B, GILMORE K, et al. The
化剂的过滤和再填充等操作,有效减少了常规间歇 hitchhiker's guide to flow chemistry[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2017,
117(18): 11796-11893.
法产物分离和催化剂再生循环中引起的催化剂质量 [18] MORSE P D, BEINGESSNER R L, JAMISON T F. Enhanced
损失和活性降低等问题。 reaction efficiency in continuous flow[J]. Israel Journal of Chemistry,
2016, 57(3): 217-227.
参考文献: [19] LEY S V, FITZPATRICK D E, MYERS R M, et al. Machine-assisted
organic synthesis[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
[1] TRZECIAK A M, ZIOLKOWSKI J J. Structural and mechanistic 2015, 54(35): 10122-10136.
studies of Pd-catalyzed C—C bond formation: The case of carbonylation [20] FROST C G, MUTTON L. Heterogeneous catalytic synthesis using
and Heck reaction[J]. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2005, microreactor technology[J]. Green Chemistry, 2010, 12(10): 1687-
249(21): 2308-2322. 1703.
[2] YEUNG C S, DONG V M. Catalytic dehydrogenative cross- [21] NOEL T, BUCHWALD S L. Cross-coupling in flow[J]. Chemical
coupling: Forming carbon-carbon bonds by oxidizing two carbon- Society Reviews, 2011, 40(10): 5010-5029.
hydrogen bonds[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2011, 111(3): 1215-1292. [22] KIRSCHNING A, JAS G. Applications of immobilized catalysts in
[3] NEGISHI E. Palladium- or nickel-catalyzed cross coupling. A new continuous flow processes[J]. Topics in Current Chemistry, 2004,
selective method for carbon-carbon bond formation[J]. Accounts of 242(1): 209-239.
Chemical Research, 1982, 15(11): 340-348. [23] CHEN M, ICHIKAWA S, BUCHWALD P S. Rapid and efficient
[4] MENG D C (孟德超). Synthesis and process optimization of copper-catalyzed Finkelstein reaction of (hetero)aromatics under
pharmaceutical intermediates based on Suzuki and Buchwald- continuous-flow conditions[J]. Angewandte Chemie International
Hartwig coupling reactions[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University (兰州 Edition, 2015, 54(1): 263-266.
大学), 2018. [24] NOEL T, MAIMONE T J, BUCHWALD S L. Accelerating palladium-
[5] KIM J W, KIM J H, LEE D H, et al. Amphiphilic polymer-supported catalyzed C—F bond formation: Use of a microflow packed-bed
N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complex for Suzuki cross-coupling reactor[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011, 50(38):
reaction in water[J]. Tetrahedron Letters, 2006, 47(27): 4745-4748. 8900-8903.
[6] FANG P P, JUTAND A, TIAN Z Q, et al. Au-Pd core-shell [25] NABER J R, BUCHWALDS L. Packed-bed reactors for continuous-
nanoparticles catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura reactions in water through Pd flow C—N cross-coupling[J]. Angewandte Chemie International
leaching[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011, 50(51): Edition, 2010, 122(49): 9659-9664.