Page 20 - 《精细化工》2023年第2期
P. 20

·242·                             精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 40 卷


                                                               参考文献:
            4   结束语与展望                                         [1]   IWASITA T. Electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation[J]. Electrochimica
                                                                   Acta, 2002, 47(22/23): 3663-3674.
                 燃料电池大量使用高成本的铂作为催化剂使其                          [2]   WEI Z F (魏增 福), ZHENG J (郑金). Research  status and
                                                                   application prospects of fuel cell power generation[J]. Guangdong
            难以实现商业化。近年来,研究者在碳、铁材料制
                                                                   Electric Power (广东电力), 2009, 22(12): 1-7.
            备 ORR 催化剂方面取得了一定进展,但到目前为止                          [3]   PENG S, LI Z F, WANG S W, et al. Performance enhancement of
            尚未实现重大突破。倘若碳、铁材料制备的催化剂                                 polybenzimidazole based high temperature proton exchange membranes
                                                                   with multifunctional crosslinker and highly sulfonated polyaniline[J].
            实现商业化应用,新能源汽车的整体发展态势和路                                 Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 549: 660-669.
            径方向将发生重大转变。催化剂材料成本占主导地                             [4]   LV Y N, LI Z F,  SONG M F, et al. Preparation and properties of
                                                                   ZrPA doped CMPSU cross-linked PBI based high temperature and
            位,超低铂或无铂是降低催化剂成本的有效途径,
                                                                   low humidity proton exchange membranes[J]. Reactive and Functional
            进而使燃料电池更具产业化潜力。目前,国外燃料                                 Polymers, 2019, 137: 57-70.
                                                         2
            电池催化剂的铂族金属负载量降低至 0.035 mg/cm ,                     [5]   WANG C, LI Z F, WANG L K, et al. Vertical-space-limit synthesis
                                                                   of bifunctional Fe,N-codoped 2D multilayer graphene electrocatalysts
            铂质量比活性达到 0.76 A/mg,电池 3 万次 CV 循环                       for Zn-air battery[J]. Energy Technology, 2019, 7(6): 1900123.
            后催化剂性能衰减 5%以内,明尼苏达矿务及制造业                           [6]   WROBLOWA H S, RAZUMNEY G. Electroreduction of oxygen: A
                                                                   new mechanistic criterion[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
            公司、巴斯夫股份公司、优美科国际有限公司等已
                                                                   and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1976, 69(2): 195-201.
            实现燃料电池催化剂大规模生产,然而国内燃料电                             [7]   SHIMIZU T, MOMMA T, MOHAMEDI M, et  al. Design  and
                                                  2
            池催化剂的铂族金属负载量达 0.16 mg/cm ,铂质量                          fabrication of pumpless small direct methanol fuel cells for portable
                                                                   applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 137(2): 277-283.
            比活性仅为 0.27 A/mg,电池 3 万次 CV 循环后催化                   [8]   LI M, LIU Y, HAN L N, et al. A novel strategy for realizing high
            剂性能衰减 86%,仅有中国科学院大连化学物理研                               nitrogen doping in  Fe 3C-embedded nitrogen and phosphorus co-
            究所、贵研铂业股份有限公司等实现小规模生产。                                 doped porous carbon nanowires: Efficient oxygen reduction reaction
                                                                   catalysis in acidic electrolytes[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
            另外,丰田、现代等车企已实现燃料电池乘用车商                                 2019, 7(30): 17923-17936.
            业化,单车铂用量在 20~40 g,而国内上汽、大通、                        [9]   QIAO X C, JIN J T, LUO J M, et al. In-situ formation of N doped
                                                                   hollow graphene nanospheres/CNTs architecture with encapsulated
            长城、长安等车企先后发布的氢燃料电池乘用车尚                                 Fe 3C@C nanoparticles as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts[J].
            在示范运营阶段。总体上,中国燃料电池仍处于科                                 Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 828: 154238.
            研阶段,与国外相比,水平较低。国内外燃料电池                             [10]  XIE Z, LI Q  L, PENG X  K,  et al.  Promoting interfacial charge
                                                                   transfer by B/N co-doping enables efficient ORR catalysis of carbon-
            催化剂的差异主要表现在:(1)Pt 含量不同。Pt 含                            encapsulated Fe 2N[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022, 10(8):
            量极大程度影响催化剂活性;Pt 含量高,催化剂成本                              4191-4199.
                                                               [11]  HE X D, ZHANG Y J, WANG J, et al. Biomass-derived Fe 2N@NCNTs
            高;Pt 含量低,催化性能不佳;同时,最佳 Pt 含量也
                                                                   from bioaccumulation as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen
            与载体、表面状态等匹配关系密切相关;(2)Pt 颗                              reduction and Zn-air battery[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &
                                                                   Engineering, 2022, 10(28): 9105-9112.
            粒尺寸不同。颗粒越小,越有利于沉积在载体表面;
                                                               [12]  LOU  Y W, LIU J  J, LIU M,  et al. Hexagonal Fe 2N coupled with
            与载体的结合强度和抗甲醇中毒能力决定了燃料电                                 N-doped carbon: Crystal-plane-dependent electrocatalytic activity for
            池运行条件下催化剂的寿命;(3)催化剂载体不同。                               oxygen reduction[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2020, 10(4): 2443-2451.
                                                               [13]  LIN L  X, QIN H  Y, JIA J K, et al.  FeS as a promising cathode
            不同碳载体结构中催化剂层的压缩比和亲水/疏水
                                                                   catalyst for direct borohydride fuel cells[J]. Journal of  Alloys and
            性能不同,会严重影响电化学活性位和阴极催化剂                                 Compounds, 2018, 769: 136-140.
            层中的质量传输。另外,燃料电池系统包括电堆、                             [14]  JIA N, LIU J, LIU Y P, et al. In situ conversion of iron sulfide (FeS)
                                                                   to iron  oxyhydroxide (γ-FeOOH) on  N,S co-doped porous carbon
            供氢系统、进风系统、冷却系统、加注系统、控制                                 nanosheets: An efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen  reduction
            系统等,但核心技术多数掌握在国外企业中。                                   reaction and zinc-air batteries[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface
                                                                   Science, 2020, 558: 323-333.
                 放眼未来,发展铁基催化剂、提高综合性能,
                                                               [15]  ZHANG  M  R,  ZHANG M X, SUN K J,  et al.  In-situ salt
            研究出高稳定、高活性的铁基催化剂,使其实现商                                 template-assisted synthesis  of  FeP self-embedded P,N co-doped
            业化应用将是研究重点。未来研究应重视以下方面:                                hierarchical porous carbon for efficient oxygen reduction reaction[J].
                                                                   Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical  Engineers, 2022, 133:
            (1)铁基催化剂的催化原理及反应路径,确定其活                                104252.
            性位点;(2)在保持铁基催化剂具有高稳定性和耐                            [16]  LIU C C, CHEN  H Y, JHONG H P, et al.  In-situ growth of iron
                                                                   phosphide encapsulated by carbon nanotubes decorated with zeolitic
            甲醇性的同时提高 ORR 催化活性;(3)催化剂能够
                                                                   imidazolate framework-8 for enhancing oxygen reduction reaction[J].
            在酸、碱性介质均适用;(4)有效提高催化剂活性                                International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(39):  17367-
            中心的分散性、催化效率;(5)合成双功能或多功                                17378.
                                                               [17]  ZHANG R Z, ZHANG C M, CHEN W, et al. FeP embedded in N,P
            能铁基催化剂。                                                dual-doped porous carbon nanosheets: An efficient and durable
   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25