Page 168 - 《精细化工》2023年第8期

·1782· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS
2.5 安全性初步评价
由于 2,4-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮合成
过程用到无水四乙酸铅，因此必须对产品中的铅含
量进行测定。抽取 5 个样品进行测试，结果表明，样
品中铅含量为 0.35~0.48 mg/kg，符合 YC/T164—2012
及 QB/T1505—2007 对烟用和食用香精中铅含量<
10 mg/kg 的要求。
利用卷烟烟气危害性指数对 2,4-二羟基-2,5-二
甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮的安全性进行了初步评价。对照
卷烟中焦油、烟碱、 CO、HCN、NNK、NH 3 、B[α]P、
苯酚、巴豆醛的释放量分别为 10.5 mg/支、0.9 mg/支、
14.5 mg/支、127.7 µg/支、3.6 ng/支、6.3 µg/支、8.5 ng/
支、10.7 µg/支、26.3 µg/支，卷烟烟气危害指数为
8.76；而添加 2,4-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮
卷烟中， 9 种成分释放量分别为 10.6 mg/支、0.9 mg/支、
14.0 mg/支、127.3 µg/支、4.0 ng/支、6.4 µg/支、
8.2 ng/支、11.4 µg/支、24.7 µg/支，卷烟烟气危害指
数为 8.72。添加 2,4-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃
酮卷烟与对照卷烟烟气危害指数无显著差别，初步
说明， 2,4-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮在卷烟中
使用安全。
3 结论
以呋喃酮为原料，通过乙酰氧化反应，脱乙酰
基 2 步反应，以 70%的总产率合成了焦甜香料 2,4-
二羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮，乙酰氧化反应
优化条件为：以无水四乙酸铅为乙酰氧化试剂、
n[Pb(OAc) 4]∶n(呋喃酮)=3∶1、甲苯为溶剂、反应温
度 90 ℃、反应时间 6 h；脱乙酰基优化条件为，以
Novozym435 脂肪酶（用量为底物质量的 10%）为
催化剂、2.8 mL 磷酸盐缓冲溶液 pH 8.0、底物浓度
0.8 mol/L（2.2 mmol）、40 ℃反应 12 h。在线热裂
解结果表明， 2,4-二羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮受
热可挥发直接迁移进入卷烟烟气，同时受热裂解后
可释放出具有焦甜香韵的 DDMP、呋喃酮和麦芽酚
等化合物。以 0.002%的添加量应用于卷烟加香，可
以明显提高卷烟焦甜香、增加回甜、提升口腔舒适
性，且加对安全性无显著影响，值得进一步在烟草
及食品行业推广应用。
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