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第 36 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.3
201 9 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2019

中药现代化技术
复合酶协同超声提取藜麦皂苷及其抗氧化性

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雷 蕾，张 炜 ，刘 龙，于小栋，辛小丽，田 格
（青海师范大学 化学化工学院，青海 西宁 810008）

摘要：采用复合酶协同超声提取藜麦种皮皂苷，并对其抗氧化活性进行了测定。以藜麦皂苷的提取率为指标，
考察了酶配比 m（纤维素酶）∶m（果胶酶）、酶用量、酶解温度、pH、酶解时间对藜麦皂苷提取率的影响，并
用响应面法进行了优化。得到最佳工艺条件为：总酶用量（以藜麦种皮质量为基准，下同）为 1.5%，酶配比 m
（纤维素酶）∶m（果胶酶）为 3∶2，酶解温度为 50.5 ℃，pH 为 5.5，酶解时间为 0.25 h。在该条件下，藜麦皂
苷的提取率较高，达到 85.32%；该法对藜麦种皮皂苷的提取率比单一纤维素酶提取率（81.56%）高 4.41%，比
单一果胶酶提取率（82.20%）高 3.66%，比单独超声提取率(73.07%)高 16.76%。采用清除 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基
苯肼自由基（DPPH·）的能力，分析藜麦皂苷的抗氧化活性，结果表明，藜麦皂苷具有显著的抗氧化活性，且
与皂苷的质量浓度呈剂量依赖性。
关键词：藜麦种皮；皂苷；复合酶；超声；响应面法；抗氧化活性；中药现代化技术
中图分类号：O629.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 03-0469-07

Complex Enzyme Assisted Ultrasonic Extraction of Saponins from
Quinoa Husk and Its Antioxidant Activity

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LEI Lei, ZHANG Wei , LIU Long, YU Xiao-dong, XIN Xiao-li, TIAN Ge
（School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China）

Abstract: Saponins were extracted from quinoa husk using complex enzyme assisted ultrasonic technology
and its antioxidant activity was measured. The effects of enzyme ratio (mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase),
enzyme dosage, enzyme hydrolysis temperature, pH value and enzyme hydrolysis time on the extraction
yield of quinoa saponins by single factor experiment. On the basis of the single factor experiment, response
surface methodology was used to optimize the technical parameters, and the optimum parameters were as
follows: total enzyme dosage (based on the mass of quinoa husk, the same below) 1.5%, enzyme ratio
(mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase 3∶2), enzyme hydrolysis temperature 50.5 ℃, pH=5.5, and enzyme
hydrolysis time 0.25 h. Under these optimum conditions, the extraction yield of quinoa saponins reached a
maximum of 85.32%, which was 4.41% higher than that using only cellulase (81.56%), 3.66% higher than
that using only pectinase (82.20%), and 16.76% higher than that using only ultrasonic extraction (73.07%).
The antioxidant activity of the extracted saponins was evaluated by DPPH·. The results showed that the
saponins extracted from quinoa husk had significan antioxidant activitiy, and saponins' concentration and
antioxidant activity was in a dose-dependent manner.
Key words: quinoa husk; saponins; complex enzyme; ultrasonic; response surface methodology; antioxidant
activity; modernization technology of traditional Chinese medicines
Foundation item: Basic Research Project of Qinghai Province (2017-ZJ-712)

藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd L.）又称南美 地区的双子叶植物 [1-4] ，富含维生素、微量元素（如
藜、藜谷等，属藜科，是起源于南美洲安第斯山脉 矿物质钾、铁、钙等）、膳食纤维、蛋白质及人体必

收稿日期：2018-06-22; 定用日期：2018-11-19; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180458
基金项目：青海省基础研究计划项目（2017-ZJ-712）
作者简介：雷 蕾（1994—），女，硕士生，E-mail：1257502773@qq.com。联系人：张 炜（1972—），女，教授，
E-mail：zhangwei@qhnu.edu.cn。