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·474· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 36 卷

为验证预测模型的可靠性，采用响应面法预测 参考文献：
条件进行验证实验。结合实际需求，优化条件分别 [1] Li G, Zhu F. Molecular structure of quinoa starch[J]. Carbohydrate
为：总酶用量 1.5%，酶配比 m（纤维素酶）∶m（果 Polymers, 2017, 158: 124-132.
[2] Vilcacundo R, Hernández-Ledesma B. Nutritional and biological
胶酶）=3∶2，酶解温度 50.5 ℃，pH 5.5，酶解时间 value of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd.)[J]. Current Opinion
0.25 h。在上述条件下，藜麦种皮皂苷的提取率为 in Food Science, 2017, 14: 1-6.
85.32%，与预测值非常接近。说明采用响应面法得 [3] Navruz-Varli S, Sanlier N. Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa
(Chenopodium quinoa, Willd)[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2016,
到的拟合模型能很好地预测提取率与各实验因素之 69: 371-376.
间的关系，工艺条件参数可靠，具有一定的实际应 [4] Li G, Zhu F. Physicochemical properties of quinoa flour as affected
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用价值。
[5] Lorusso A, Verni M, Montemurro M, et al. Use of fermented quinoa
2.3 藜麦皂苷抗氧化性实验 flour for pasta making and evaluation of the technological and
藜麦皂苷对 DPPH·的清除能力见图 8。如图 8 所 nutritional features[J]. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017,
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示，藜麦种皮中的皂苷有清除 DPPH·的能力，且清 [6] Nickel J, Spanier L P, Botelho F T, et al. Effect of different types of
除力随皂苷质量浓度增大而升高，当质量浓度小于 processing on the total phenolic compound content, antioxidant
capacity, and saponin content of Chenopodium quinoa Willd
1200 mg/L 时，线性关系良好，其相关系数为 0.9993，
grains[J]. Food Chemistry, 2016, 209: 139-143.
相关性显著；当质量浓度大于 1200 mg/L 后，清除 [7] Nowak V, Du J, Charrondière U R. Assessment of the nutritional
力增长缓慢。皂苷对 DPPH·的清除率最高可达到 composition of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)[J]. Food
Chemistry, 2016, 193: 47-54.
85.53%，清除力良好。
[8] González-Teuber M, Vilo C, Bascuñán-Godoy L. Molecular

characterization of endophytic fungi associated with the roots of
Chenopodium quinoa inhabiting the Atacama Desert, Chile[J].
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[9] James L E A. Chapter 1 quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd.) :
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图 8 藜麦皂苷对 DPPH·清除能力 [12] Kuljanabhagavad T, Wink M. Biological activities and chemistry of
saponins from Chenopodium quinoa, Willd[J]. Phytochemistry
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[13] Vermeulen K, Verspreet J, Courtin C M, et al. Reduced particle size
3 结论 wheat bran is butyrogenic and lowers Salmonella colonization, when
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在单因素实验的基础上，以提取率为评价指标， [14] Chen Y, Xie M Y, Gong X F. Microwave-assisted extraction used for
the isolation of total triterpenoid saponins from Ganoderma atrum[J].
根据 Box-behnken 实验设计原理，采用响应曲面法
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优化藜麦种皮皂苷的提取工艺，得出最佳工艺条件： [15] Kuljanabhagavad T, Thongphasuk P, Chamulitrat W, et al. Triter-
总酶用量为 1.5%，酶配比 m（纤维素酶）∶m（果 penesaponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd[J]. Phytochemistry,
2008, 69(9): 1919-1926.
胶酶）为 3∶2，酶解温度为 50.5 ℃，pH 为 5.5，酶
[16] Du Jingting (杜静婷), Chen Chao (陈超), Fan Sanhong (范三红).
解时间为 0.25 h。在此条件下，藜麦皂苷的提取率较 Optimization of extraction conditions for saponins from Chenopodium
高，达到 85.32%。复合酶协同超声提取藜麦种皮皂 quinoa bran by response surface method and its antioxidant
activities[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences (山西农业科
苷的提取率比单一纤维素酶的提取率（81.56%）高 学), 2016, 44(7): 932-937.
4.41%，比单一果胶酶的提取率（82.20%）高 3.66%， [17] Wang Chenjing (王晨静), Zhao Xiwu (赵习武), Lu Guoquan (陆国
权), et al. A review of characteristics and utilization of Chenopodium
比单独超声提取（73.07%）高 16.76%。结果表明，
quinoa[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University (浙江农林大学学
复合酶协同超声提取是一种高效、低耗能、低成本 报), 2014, 31(2): 296-301.
的藜麦种皮皂苷提取方法。对藜麦皂苷活性进行分 [18] Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar H Z E, Rahmat A, et al. Optimization of
microwave-assisted extraction of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet
析表明，藜麦皂苷具有清除 DPPH·的能力，且呈现 L. rhizome and evaluation of antiproliferative activity of optimized
剂量效应，抗氧化能力与皂苷质量浓度相关性显著， extracts[J]. Chemistry Central Journal, 2017, 11(1). DOI: 10.
1186/s13065-016-0235-3.
为藜麦种皮皂苷的进一步开发利用提供了理论依据

和实验参考。 （下转第 493 页）