Page 140 - 《精细化工》2020年第9期
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第 37 卷第 9 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.37, No.9
             202 0 年 9 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Sept.    2020


              香料与香精
                        一种吡嗪酯类香料前体的制备及其热性能



                                                                                       *
                                 来   苗,宋明洲,武志勇,姬小明,赵铭钦
                                        (河南农业大学  烟草学院,河南  郑州    450002)


                 摘要:为开发吡嗪酯类香料前体,以 2,5-二甲基吡嗪氮氧和丙烯酸噻吩甲酯为原料,在醋酸钯催化下经偶联反
                                                                          13
                                                                  1
                 应,合成 3-(3,6-二甲基-吡嗪氮氧-2-基)丙烯酸噻吩甲酯。通过 HNMR、 CNMR、IR、HRMS 表征目标化合物
                 的结构,并采用热重-微分热重(TG-DTG)和热裂解-气相色谱/质谱法(Py-GC/MS)测其热性能。结果表明,
                 目标化合物从 170 ℃开始降解,主要热失重区间为 170~875 ℃,在 257 ℃失重速率最大,总失重为 76.5%。在

                 300~900 ℃的有氧和无氧裂解氛围下,共鉴定出 11 种挥发性产物,主要有烷基吡嗪类、2-甲基噻吩、2-噻吩甲
                 醇等特征香味物质。有氧氛围下热裂解产物种类较多,相对含量较高。依据主要裂解产物的种类及相对含量的
                 变化,初步揭示了裂解机理。目标化合物在单料烟中的最适宜添加量为 2 mg/kg。
                 关键词:香料前体;3-(3,6-二甲基-吡嗪氮氧-2-基)丙烯酸噻吩甲酯;热性能;裂解机理;加香应用
                 中图分类号:TQ655.5      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 09-1854-05


                Preparation and thermal properties of a flavor precursor of pyrazine ester


                                                                                             *
                           LAI Miao, SONG Mingzhou, WU Zhiyong, JI Xiaoming, ZHAO Mingqin
                         (College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China)


                 Abstract: To develop the flavor precursor of pyrazine ester, thiophen-2-ylmethyl-3-(3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-yl)
                 acrylate  N-oxide  was  synthesized  by  a  coupling  reaction  between  2,5-dimethylpyrazine  N-oxide  and
                 thiophene methyl acrylate in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium acetate. The target compound
                                     1
                 was  characterized  by  HNMR,   13 CNMR,  IR,  and  HRMS.  The  thermal  property  was  measured  by
                 thermogravimetric-differential  thermogravimetry  (TG-DTG)  and  pyrolysis-gas  chromatography/mass
                 spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that the target compound began to degrade at 170 ℃, and
                 the main thermal weight loss range was 170~875 ℃. The maximum weight loss rate was observed at 257 ℃,
                 and the total weight loss was 76.5%. Under the conditions of inert and oxidative atmosphere at 300~900 ℃,
                 eleven  volatile  products  were  identified,  including  alkylpyrazines,  2-methylthiophene  and  2-thiophene
                 methanol.  There  were  more  types  of  pyrolysis  products  with  higher  relative  contents  in  the  oxidative
                 atmosphere.  The  possible  pyrolysis  mechanism  of  the  target  compound  was  preliminarily  revealed
                 according to the types and relative contents of the main pyrolysis products. The optimum addition amount
                 of the target compound in cigarette was 2 mg/kg.
                 Key words: flavor precursor; thiophen-2-ylmethyl-3-(3,6-dimethylpyrazine-2-yl) acrylate N-oxide; thermal
                 property; pyrolysis mechanism; flavor application


                 吡嗪类化合物具有种类丰富、应用范围广的特                          气挥发性强的问题,导致它们在应用和储藏过程中
            点,因而成为世界各国化学家研究的热点。其作用                             难以维持一定的浓度和增香效果,因此,有必要开
                                                   [5]
            主要集中在功能材料          [1-2] 、医药 [3-4] 、配合物 和食品        发性质相对稳定的吡嗪类香料前体。
                   [6]
            添加剂 等方面。吡嗪类化合物因其较低的阈值和                                 吡嗪类化合物是卷烟主流烟气中的特征香味化
                                                                   [7]
            特殊的香味特征,常被作为香料香精添加剂应用到                             合物 ,具有强烈的焦香和烘烤香,能很好地修饰
            食品中。但是现有的吡嗪类香料存在分子量小和香                             和改善烟香,与烟草固有的香气协调。美国专利报


                 收稿日期:2020-03-01;  定用日期:2020-03-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200155
                 基金项目:河南省科技厅重点科技攻关项目(132102210042,152102210058);河南农业大学校内基金(30500845)
                 作者简介:来   苗(1990—),女,博士,讲师。联系人:赵铭钦(1964—),男,博士,教授,E-mail:zhaomingqin@henau.edu.cn。
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